Exploring the Issue in Gun Control - 760 Words

Exploring the issues in gun control is the name of the article and it sounds obvious that the article is going to be about the issue behind mass shootings. The article is written by Dan OBrien and Betty Stanton, who are both professional writers with great amount of knowledge about the issues in gun control. Dan OBrien is a currently a Director of Safety and Environmental Health for San Antonio Water System, Certified Safety Professional, and Certified in Homeland Security. Betty Stanton is a 14-year veteran of U.S. Navy who is currently a currently a graduate student from Texas AM University pursuing in Master of Public Service and Administration degree from George Bush School of Government and Public Service. Based on the name of their article, it seems like the article is going to talk about the connection between gun uses and the shooting incidents; however, guns are not the case. The gun control is not the real issue in mass shooting. Many people believe that guns are the main reason that there are more killing and shooting, especially mass shooting, but their facts usually fail to support their argument. Gun-free zones sounds like a safe place to be at and not have to worry about any mass shootings, but it always turns out wrong. In the article, Richard Mark, the former Arizona sheriff, says that guns are already banned in schools and that is why the shootings happen in schools. There havent been any real evidence that gun laws decrease amount of mass shootingsShow MoreRelated Youth Violence Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pagesopinions of different people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most popular cause of the problem of youth violence is the media. In â€Å"The Erosion of Empathy,† Sissela Bok says, Few imagine that media violence ‘makes’ someone act out their aggressions. Many factors are at issue, though not all are present in any one case: depression, drugs, anxiety, parental neglect or abuse, access to lethal weapons and instructions about how to construct bombs. †¦ glamorized media violence contributes powerfully to blurring the line betweenRead MoreThe Importance Of Gun Control1209 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the many mass shootings that have occurred in recent years, the issue of gun control has been brought to the forefront of people’s minds. Some people believe in the power of the second amendment, and the right to personally own guns. This is the camp that I fall under. But there are those who believe in stricter gun control and view personal ownership of guns as a great risk. No matter what side you fall on the goal is the same, to make the United States of America a safe place to live. WeRead MoreJust Take Away Their Guns819 Words   |   4 PagesIn James Q. 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Application Of Theory Guidelines - 1693 Words

Application of Theory Guidelines Yi Duan Low SUNY Upstate Medical University NURS 609 Family Psychiatric and Mental health Theory Professor: Prof. Patricia Powers Introduction The nationwide health promotion and disease prevention plan, Healthy People 2020, recognizes that mental health promotion and mental health reduction is one of the most significant health objectives. Statistics have indicated that mental health disorders are the leading cause of disability in United States and Canada, while suicide is the 11th leading cause of death that has killed approximately 30,000 American each year (â€Å"Mental Health and Mental Disorders†, n.d.). The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has recommended a series of†¦show more content†¦Among the many different psychotherapy modalities that were introduced during our course of study, exposure therapy, cognitive therapy, and behavior therapy intrigued me the most. Each therapy entails unique concepts and have their own strengths and weaknesses. Unlike medical prescription, clinicians shall always tailor and consider combining different psychotherapy modalities based on the patien t’s need. Exposure Therapy Edna B. Foa developed Exposure Theory and argues that fear and anxiety is a conditioned response where people have learned to use avoidance to maintain their daily functioning. Foa also argues that distressing emotions gradually subside when one confronts the feared triggers (Prochaska Norcross, 2010). There are different sub-techniques branching from the concept of exposure therapy. For instance, prolonged exposure to the actual or imaginary feared stimuli until symptoms are alleviated, is commonly used with patients suffering from phobias. Similar to exposure concept, the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is another approach to desensitize disturbing memories by recalling traumatic event and cueing eyes movements at the same time. Studies have shown that exposure therapy is the treatment of choice for patients with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). In addition, exposure therapies have also been proven to help patients with anxiety

Action Research on Learning of Kindergarten Students free essay sample

Classical studies regarding teaching methods and classroom curricula are conducted by outside observers of particular classroom interactions. Through such studies, generalizable methods are formulated and considered appropriate for application in different classrooms across the board. Such process, though not necessarily ineffective, leaves out an important aspect of the classroom setting, the individual characteristics of teachers and students. Here, action research comes in. A method involving scrutinizing one’s own practice and children’s behavior, family background, and social influences, action research allows for the consideration of peculiar details inherent in every classroom (Borgia, E. Schuler, D., 1996). Upon gathering results of particular changes implemented in personal classroom environments, concurrence from other teaching professionals may be sought (Borgia, E. Schuler, D.). Thus, a bottom-up process of gathering information and formulating teaching methodologies is applied. Such a process would answer for quirks in the system wherein classical research methods produced data not generalizable to learning classes. As researcher, the teacher takes an active stance in finding out how current education concepts and theories actually translate in real classrooms (Ritchie, G.). The process starts with an inquiry and a plan of accounting for and measuring the relation of certain innovative practices on already known concepts. Subjective and personal accounts are then kept by the teacher-researcher and conclusions later drawn (Borgia, E. Schuler, D.). The generalizability of conclusions and theories arrived at are found out through collaborations with colleagues, presentations in seminars or articles in publications (Mohr, M.). Such change in established and most times mandated curricula may meet resistance, or worse, admonishment. However, teachers maintain the right to act in new and creative ways (Florio-Ruane, S., 2002). Kersten and Pardo introduce two methods by which teachers may implement the change they desire in the curriculum without upsetting existing political situations: finessing and hybridizing (2007). Finessing requires maneuvering around established policies, although not necessarily contradicting the same while hybridizing requires manipulation of the manner in which teaching curricula or policies are implemented so as to answer the needs of actual students (Kersten, J. Pardo, L.). Thus, in both cases a uniquely different teaching method may be observed although the original plan of the policy-makers is still in place. Such methods should not be seen as aberrations from the norm, rather they are active creations implemented to address the learning situations of actual classrooms. The teacher then becomes as much a curriculum and policy-maker as those outside objective observers. Such active stance employed by the teachers address the variety of needs that arise from diverse classrooms (Kersten, J. Pardo, L.). Action Research and Free Reading Time This paper seeks to address the question on whether or not kindergarten students learn during free reading time employing action research as a means of research. Using action research as a methodology, significant changes have been implemented by reading teachers across grades. Included in these studies have been voluntary reading studies. Classes often devote a portion of their time to free reading wherein students may read whatever book they want. This is done to supposedly increase the reading, writing and comprehension skills of the students as well as broaden their vocabulary range (Krashen, S., 2006). This free reading time has been hailed as an ingenious way of engaging students to love reading. It has also been lauded for its supposed benefits on the learning progress of students as those who practiced free reading time outshone their counterparts who only practiced traditional methods of learning literacy skills (Krashen, S.). Krashen posits that in order for free reading time to be truly effective, there should be no reports or other such requirements asked of the students after the activity and they should be given complete choice in the material to be read, as a wide variety of potentially interesting material is made available to them. However, observations made by teachers applying this free reading time model have shown that students still emerge reluctant to read (Maguiness, C. Parr, J.M., 2005). There were students who read during class time but did not pursue their reading interest outside of the classroom and there were others who were reluctant to simply participate in the activity itself. As a result several teachers at the said school decided to simultaneously improvise on the model by engaging the students in conversation regarding what they had read at the end of each activity. The students were still allowed to choose any reading material that they preferred and were in fact encouraged to bring to school any materials they had started reading outside of class or the library. The teachers conversed openly with the students and allowed them to freely and fully express themselves, perhaps allowing expressions that a teacher would normally reprimand in class. The conversations dwelled on the choice of books, their impressions on the same, their impressions on material they had not chosen, and the like. The teachers actively encouraged the students to read through these conversations and through modeling as they themselves expressed their impressions on books they had read. As the year progressed students began talking with one another about the material they were reading outside of the groups organized by their teacher. As a result, there was marked improvement in the class’s attitude towards reading and the students began reading a wider variety of books as they explored choices made by those they conversed with. There was also a marked improvement in the borrowing records of the students as they took books home to read. Another case of improvisation on the established curriculum was made by Sullivan who had been hearing reports from students that they were not interested in the assigned readings in class (1991). Sullivan decided to change the atmosphere by allowing students to read their choice of material and asking them to submit a personal anthology of collections of works or passages. As a result, more of the students became interested in their class session as they related what they had read to the lesson. There was also feedback from other students that their interest in reading was sparked as they made their anthologies. Yet another teacher improvised on the free reading time by choosing the reading material for her students (Braxton, B., 2006). A reading period was set for the students such that they were able to finish reading the book. After this period, creative challenges were given to the students along the lines of the adventure story that they had just read. In order to accomplish the challenge, the student needed facts gained from the reading. These activities were followed by a short five-question quiz. The tasks were not mandated and the students had the choice of attending or not, however it was observed that every day a challenge was handed out the students would be there. The teacher also checked on the borrowing records of the students and saw that most of the students, particularly those who had not been borrowing books prior the challenges, had begun borrowing books for leisure reading. Method The history of teacher research on the field of voluntary reading has laid the foundation for the methodology of answering the question on whether or not kindergarten students actually learn from such voluntary reading. The positive aspects of voluntary reading span a wide variety of lessons, reading, writing, comprehension, and vocabulary skills. What will be observed herein will be reading and comprehension skills of the students participating in the free reading period. Reading will be construed to include the inclination for voluntary reading, outside the requirements of school. Taking insight from Braxton’s ingenuity (2006), it would better suit the grade level to have students demonstrate what they have learned through play-analogous activities. The reading material will be chosen by the teacher and read aloud to the class during reading time. After the story has been read the teacher will engage the class in a discussion regarding the elements of the story, such as characters, plot, and theme, and will draw the insights made by the students. These insights will be recorded and later analyzed. The students will then proceed to the activity. The activity should be in line with the text read and would place the students in a situation similar to that faced by the character in the story. The accomplishment of the activity will be made through an action, word, or method that has been displayed in the story. The manner in which the activity is accomplished will also be recorded and later analyzed. If the students are able to answer the questions regarding the essential elements of the story then this will be regarded as a sign of basic comprehension of what has been read. When the students raise points outside the plain text of the story, such as when they relate it with their own experiences or they elaborate on the perspective of the characters, this will be taken as proof of a deeper level of comprehension. As regards the activity, the manner in which the students approach the situation and the degree to which they apply what they have just heard and learned from the story will mark the level of learning they have attained from the story. The teacher will also note through follow-up inquiries with the families of the students, or through observation in the school or classroom library borrowing system, whether or not the children have taken to reading outside of the class. All these standards are comparative in nature and so, the first observations that the teacher should make is the level of understanding of stories and the interest in reading exhibited by the students prior to a change in classroom management. Conclusion Voluntary reading has been found to be an invaluable tool in literacy and even in communication skills. As such, schools have inculcated in their curriculum varying models of a free reading period for the students. However, across the board observations have shown that such reading times are not as effective as originally hoped. Thus there is a need to analyze whether students are still learning during this period. To find out, action research is employed and the students are observed whether or not their reading and comprehension skills have improved. This is done through a procedure involving a group dialogue between the teacher and the students and an activity or challenge much like organized play. The content of the students’ contribution to the dialogue and their manner of answering the challenge will show their ability to comprehend and apply the concepts inherent in the text read. References Borgia, E. T. Schuler, D. (1996). Action Research in Early Childhood Education. Eric Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. Retrieved October 29, 2007 from http://www.ericdigests.org/1997-2/action.htm Braxton, B., (2006). Free Voluntary Reading. Teacher Librarian, 33 (5). Florio-Ruane, S. (2002). More light: An argument for complexity in studies of teaching and teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 53, 205–215. Kersten, J. Pardo, L. (2007). Finessing and Hybridizing: Innovative Literacy Practices in Reading First Classrooms. The Reading Teacher, 61 (2), 146-154. Krashen, S. (2006). Free Reading. School Library Journal 52 (9). Maguiness, C. Parr, J.M. (2005). Removing the silent from SSR: Voluntary reading as social practice. Journal of Adolescent Adult Literacy, 49 (2), 98-107. Mohr, M. So What is Teacher Research? Retrieved October 29, 2007 from http://gse.gmu.edu/research/tr/ Ritchie, G. The Importance of Teacher Research to the Classroom Teacher. Retrieved October 29, 2007 from http://gse.gmu.edu/research/tr/ Sullivan, A. M. (1991). The natural reading life: A high-school anomaly. English Journal, 80 (6), 40-46.

Street Car Essays - English-language Films, The Golden Girls

Street Car A Streetcar Named Desire: Thematic Analysis (Time/Adaptation) Nick Michalak ENG 4AO June 15, 1999 Mr. Beckett The theme of time/adaptation is used in Tennessee Williams' play A Streetcar Named Desire. This theme is used to describe the plight of the lead character, Blanche Dubois. Blanche clings to her past as a the only source of real happiness in her life. She refuses to accept that things have changed, and she is not the woman she was ten years ago. Blanche looks down at her sister for accepting a life that is relatively obscure when compared to the posh surroundings they were raised in. Blanche harbors the delusion that she will be rescued by a man who will carry her away from her all of her problems. It is this stubborn refusal to adapt to a new life that causes Blanche's descent into madness. Blanche clings to her past as a the only source of real happiness in her life. She refuses to accept that things have changed, and she is not the woman she was ten years ago. One thing that Blanche will forever dwell upon is her looks. She cannot accept that she is no longer young and beautiful, yet she insists on convincing everyone to the contrary. "You know that I haven't put on one ounce in ten years, Stella? (Pg. 22)" Perhaps it is true that Blanche has not gained any weight, but the fact that she feels the need to brag about it illustrates her own insecurities. Blanche is very insecure about her aging looks, so much so that she feels the need to deceive Mitch, a man she wants to marry. "What it means is I've never had a real good look at you, Blanche. (pg. 116)" Blanche is obsessed with making people see her as the girl she was ten years ago, rather than the aging woman she is today. In her own mind, Blanche has not changed in the past ten years. This shows her refusal to adapt to the present, which is a contributing factor in her inevitable downfall. Blanche looks down at her sister for accepting a life that is relatively obscure when compared to the posh surroundings they were raised in. This is evident from the time Blanche first arrives at Elysian Fields. "They mustn't have?understood?what number I wanted. (pg. 15)" Blanche is in utter disbelief that her sister, whom she still regards as a member of high-society, could reside in a working-class neighborhood. She goes so far as to openly pity her sister for her low-class lifestyle. "Why, that you had to live in these conditions! (pg. 20)" Blanche is insulting Stella's choice of accepting a more common lifestyle. The fact that Blanche looks down at her sister's low-class lifestyle shows that she still regards herself as a high-class individual. Therefore, Blanche is living in a world of fantasy where she has convinced herself that she is the same woman she was when her family was still wealthy and powerful. Blanche harbors the delusion that she will be rescued by a man who will carry her away from all of her problems. She deceives Mitch because she wants to ensure a perfect romance; one free of imperfections such as her face. She confesses to Mitch that she lives in a world of romantic fantasy. "I don't want realism, I want magic! Yes, yes, magic! I try to give that to people. I misrepresent things to them. I don't tell the truth, I tell what ought to be the truth. And if that is sinful, then let me be damned for it! --Don't turn the light on! (pg. 117)" This quote shows that Blanche has begun to lose her mind. She sums up her state of metal-well being by admitting to telling "what ought to be the truth". Blanche also appears frantic when Mitch tries to turn on the light, indicating that she is still very much self-conscious about her looks. When things have fallen apart with Mitch, Blanche resorts to making up an elaborate fantasy to console her. "I received a telegram from an old admirer of mine. (pg. 123)" This is her last attempt to find some sort of happiness before she is committed to the asylum.

Mason Schultz Essays - Entertainment, English-language Films

Mason Schultz Dr. Muak ENG 223 31 October 2017 Inglourious Rhetoric Inglourious Basterds is arguably one of the brashest and most daring American war films in history. As a film, Inglourious Basterds is divided into five chapters, each rich in the use of rhetorical devices. Chapter two, however, is the focus of this analysis. Chapter two, entitled "Inglourious Basterds", is where we are first introduced to Lieutenant Aldo Raine. Raine is a proud Tennessean, a former moonshiner, and commanding officer of the Jewish-American military unit known as the "Basterds." Lieutenant Raine delivers an emotion-wrenching speech in order to motivate his special team, a collection of Jewish-American soldiers with a particular vengeance against the Nazis. Set between 1941 and 1944, the film Inglourious Basterds rewrites the history of WWII to incorporate Jewish revenge against the Nazis. The Basterds, comprised mainly of Jews, are placed in a reverse role of history in order to embody a vengeance not traditionally shown. They have been given the opportunity to ter rorize the Nazi Army with brutal murder and post-mortem rituals such as scalping. The audience for Lieutenant Raine's speech is easily comprehendible. At the time of Lieutenant Raine's speech, the Nazi were rounding up all people of Jewish decent and forcing them into concentration camps, or simply executing them. When Lieutenant Raine assembles the team of Jewish American soldiers, he was giving them a chance at retribution and a chance to fight back. The fact that his audience is made up of soldiers with Jewish Heritage makes the receptivity of his speech even more effective. Kairos is the use of particular moments to evoke the necessity for action. Lieutenant Raine's speech capture's in words what is most immediately appropriate for his particular audience to hear. By using the events of World War II, such as the Holocaust, Lieutenant Raine is able to make his speech seem timely and necessary. Within his speech, he also speaks about the exigency (urgency) of this mission, Raine says, "Now, y'all might've heard rumors about the armada happening soon. Well, we 'll be leaving a little earlier. We're gonna be dropped into France, dressed as civilians. And once we're in enemy territory, as a bushwhackin' guerrilla army, we're gonna be doin' one thing and one thing only... killin' Nazis." By saying this, Lieutenant Raine creates a sense of urgency within his soldiers. Stating that they will be deployed immediately adds a level of confidence to his speech as well as describes to his soldiers the importance of this mission. Lt Raine gives his soldiers (The Basterds) a speech, which at first glance, appears to be a conventional "let's do this" speech. However, after analysis, intriguing parallels to the scene prior surface. He tells his men that they will be hunting and killing Nazis. This is fueled by the scenes first presupposition, Nazis are bad. Raine takes this presupposition a little further: he justifies that it is okay to kill Nazis because "A Nazi ain't got no humanity." When he says they're going to kill "anyone wearing a Nazi uniform," Raine successfully reduces the Nazis to a symbol, just as Landa reduced the Jews to symbols in the previous scene. The difference between Raine and Landa is you know where you stand with Raine. He may come across as a bloodthirsty savage, but his is steadfast in his stance against the Nazis. The second presupposition active is Raine's speech is the shared belief that they are terrorists. In his speech, Raine compares the Basterds to "Bushwhackers." Today, a " bushwhacker" could be any kind of surprise attacker. However, to Raine, coming from rural Tennessee in 1944, the term would have had a very specific meaning. Bushwhackers, in the Civil War, were small bands of civilians who would skulk through the night, kill people, and steal property. All of this was done outside of any military jurisdiction for the purpose of dismantling the enemy. They, in practice, became terrorists. Raine plans to kill Nazi soldiers, behind enemy lines, in the most ferocious way possible, so as to frighten and terrorize them. "Sound good?" he swaggers to his men, who all respond in the affirmative. This enthymematic reasoning, present in Lt Raine's speech, is used to support his position and

What to Expect from College Meal Plans

What to Expect from College Meal Plans One of the big differences between high school and college doesnt happen in the classroom,  but at meal time. No longer will you eat meals around the family table. Instead, youll make your own food choices in the college dining hall. To pay for your meals, chances are youll need to purchase a meal plan for at least part of your college career. This article explores some of the questions you may have about these plans. Key Takeaways: College Meal Plans Most colleges require residential students to get a meal plan. This is especially true for first-year students.The price of meal plans will vary significantly from school to school and the type of plan. Options ranging from 7 to 21 meals a week may be available.At most schools, your meal card will work at all dining facilities on campus giving you a wide range of options.At some schools, the money for unused meals can be spent at a campus convenience store or even with local merchants. What Is a Meal Plan? Essentially, a meal plan is pre-paid account for your on-campus meals. At the start of the term, you pay for all the meals you’ll eat in the dining halls. You’ll then swipe your student ID or a special meal card every time you enter a dining area, and the value of your meal will be deducted from your account. How Much Do Meal Plans Cost? Whenever you look at the cost of college, youll need to factor in much more than tuition. Room and board costs vary widely, typically between $7,000 and $14,000 a year. Meals will often be half of that cost. Meal prices dont tend to be unreasonable, but they certainly arent as cheap as making meals in your own kitchen. Colleges usually subcontract meal services to a for-profit company, and the college will also earn a percentage of the meal fees. Students who live off campus and enjoy cooking can often eat well and save money compared to a meal plan. At the same time, the convenience and variety of a meal plan have many advantages. Do You Need to Buy a Meal Plan? At most schools, first-year students are required to have a meal plan. This requirement might be waved if you are commuting from home. Mandatory meal plans have a variety of purposes. Schools often want first-year students to become engaged in the campus community, and on-campus meals play an important part in that process. It’s also possible the requirement is coming from a contract with the food service provider, not the college itself. And, of course, the college makes money from the meal plan, so it benefits the schools bottom line when a plan is required. Which Meal Plan Should You Get? Most colleges offer many different meal plans- you may see options for 21, 19, 14, or 7 meals a week. Before purchasing a plan, ask yourself some questions. Are you likely to get up in time for breakfast? Are you likely to go out to the local pizza joint for dinner? Few students actually use 21 meals a week. If the reality is that you often skip breakfast and tend to eat pizza at one in the morning, then you might want to choose a less expensive meal plan and spend your saved money buying food at local eateries at the times that better match your habits. What Happens If You Don't Use All Your Meals? This varies from school to school, but often unused meals are money lost. Depending on the plan, the credit for unused meals may disappear at the end of the week or the end of the semester. You’ll want to check your balance frequently- some schools have small grocery stores where you can spend the money from unused meals. Some schools also have arrangements with local merchants, restaurants, and even farmers market that make it possible to spend dining dollars off campus. Should You Get a Bigger Meal Plan if You Eat a Lot? Nearly all college campuses offer all-you-can-eat dining in at least some of the dining halls, so the same meal plan can accommodate you whether you eat like a mouse or a horse. Just watch out for that freshman 15- all-you-can-eat can be bad for your waistline! Nevertheless, athletes with giant appetites rarely complain about going hungry in college. What Can You Do if You Have Special Dietary Needs? When a college has thousands or tens of thousands of students, it is going to have many students who cant eat gluten, have dairy allergies, or are vegetarian or vegan. Food service providers at colleges are prepared to handle students special dietary restrictions. Some schools even have entire dining halls dedicated to vegan and vegetarian options. At very small colleges, its not unusual for students to develop relationships with the food service staff to have custom meals prepared for them. When Your Friends or Family Visit, Can They Eat with You? Yes. Most schools allow you to swipe in guests with your meal card. If not, your guests can always pay cash to eat in the dining hall. More College Life Essentials How Are College Academics Different from High School?10 Things You Should Know Before You Start CollegeWhat to Pack for College10 Tips for Getting Along with Your College Roommate

Marketing research on recycling in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing research on recycling in UK - Essay Example eport pertains to the waste generation and disposal habits, and the efforts to be adopted by local administrations for improving segregation before collection and recycling, in the light of national laws and successful international efforts. To this extent it defines the objectives, methodology and budgetary requirements. iv. Background: Since the 1980s, per capita household waste generation in the UK has risen from just under 400 kg. to over 500 kg. Such an increase can be attributed to economic growth, social change, and waste collection methods. The increase in waste has closely followed that of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Today in the UK it is estimated that each household throws away over a ton of waste annually; England and Wales produce 100 million tons of waste annually from households, commerce and industry. Each ton of waste comes from 10 tons of resource utilization! Around 70% of household waste can be either recycled or composted. Despite the fact that the majority of the general public regard recycling as worthwhile, and that over 65% of households have access to kerbside collection recycling schemes, only 14.5% of dustbin contents are recycled or composted. Thus there is a need to improve the system. Until the dawn of the industrial revolution, waste generation was minimal and mainly composed of biodegradable matter from vegetation, animal products, textiles, burning of firewood, etc., which was being dumped in farmlands where it would turn as compost or simply disposed off in the nearest available vacant public space with little or no concern for the environs. ‘Use and throw culture’ was not yet in sight and frugal living, repair and reuse were the order of the day, with products like utensils, clocks, closets etc. being used for generations together. Coupled with the smaller population, and widely spread colonies of smaller groups, waste recycling was not an issue at all. However, the transition to the post-industrial revolution era meant

Dissertation Weekly Progress Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dissertation Weekly Progress Report - Coursework Example I also found Paivarinta & Saebo (2008) which discussed another quality of democracy which enlightened me some more. It takes time to discover new information worth adding. Some books don’t show all pages. This took me another one (1) hour to find and write about. Search for some information about Oman was easier Thus for Chapter 2, the source (Ashrafi and Murtaza, 2008), and for Chapter 3-The Problem to be Solved, the Majlis A’Shura (2010) took only minutes to reach. What consumed my time was the composition of more contents using those references. Combined, I utilized another one (1) hour for this. To elaborate on the contents of Chapter 4-Breakdown of Task, some intense thinking was necessary, especially when it came to composing the draft contents of various tasks, There are many tasks involved. They had to be organized in their presentation. All these processes of thinking, organizing, and composing the contents of several pages took me two (2) hours. Attending to the drafting of Chapter 5- Project Deliverables and Chapter 6- Requirements made me think even further ahead about what might be the desirable outcome of the dissertation, aside from research work and literature reviews. The primary data is supposed to serve a purpose to confirm or negate the hypothesis. If findings affirm, then the project should deliver a recommended website and proposed structural framework showing how it should improve participation of the people in E-Government. But how this should look like still depends on discoveries. These thoughts consumed my mind for more than one (1) hour. Speaking of primary data gathering, Chapter 7- Legal, Ethical, Professional, and Social Issues, I decided to draft the contents of these as well since I was thinking of what Oman officials needed and how I was going to extract those information. The MPs are VIPs. They must be very busy. Pondering on these and writing the

Acknowledgement- master dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Acknowledgement- master dissertation - Essay Example XXXX taught me that to learn is to constantly challenge what I have learned. It was only through his support and persevering patience that I found the courage and will to overcome the many obstacles and vicissitudes on my way to finishing this dissertation. - My professors, XXXX and XXXX, for their helpful comments and insightful critique in guiding me through the techniques of dissertation writing and choice of topic. Their pragmatic realism coupled with constant encouragement allowed me to grow in both knowledge and character. - My beloved father, Dr. XXXXX, who stands as my role model in both my personal and academic life, for his unwavering support and prayers for my wellbeing and success, and for always being there for me; - My mother, my first and wisest teacher, for raising me to value knowledge and virtue, and for standing by me and encouraging me with her sweet words and unshakeable faith in my eventual success, not only in my graduate studies, for in everything I pursue in life. - My dear husband, XXXXX, for being the wind beneath my wings, and for being the wellspring of support and patience I needed to forge on. It is his belief and trust in me that saw me through the most difficult times in the course of my graduate

Role of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Role of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) For many countries in the global landscape, its economic situation is perhaps one of the most important concerns which are duly given enough priority by the government. The economic situation of a certain nation is highly indicative of the countrys performance as well as the state of living of its citizens. It is therefore a major concern among national governments to protect the best interest of their domestic economy, as well as local business, in the objective if being able to establish a successful nation. With this, it is a priority for many countries to be proud of many globally operating organizations and economic councils which will not only help them foster a better trading and economic relationship with other nations but will also help them establish global presence. One of such groups would be the APEC or the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation. In this research paper, the researcher seeks to examine the APEC in general while being able to provide its background and what it does to be able to help improve the economic condition of its member countries. More importantly, the research will examine some of the issues in APEC and how such were overcome through the policies and recommendations from the said economic body. The impact of APEC on its member countries will also be examined to be able to provide evidence of its significant efficiency. This research would generally seek to discuss the role of APEC in helping its member countries establish a more sustainable and stable economic situation. WHAT IS APEC? The Asia Pacific Economic Forum or APEC is a premiere forum which is primarily responsible for facilitating economic growth, cooperation, trade, and investment in the region of the Asia Pacific. It was established to promote economic integration around the Pacific Rim and with the goal of being able to sustain economic growth especially among its 21 member nations. The members of APEC are Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Hong Kong China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Peru, Republic of Korea, Russia, Singapore, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, United States, and Vietnam. An open trade and the establishment of closer economic relation are among the priorities of each member countries in the APEC. Being the primary vehicle in the region to be able to promote trade, investment, and economic cooperation, it is expected that APEC will be able to generate favorable circumstances and activities such as increased employment opportunities and the dev elopment of the local community. Since its inception in 1989 to this current time, APEC has initiated various economic activities which resulted into better business among local nations such as the implementation of reduced tariffs. The APEC is very significant in the global economy primarily because its members, collectively, are acknowledged for being drivers of the growth of the global economy. The individual economic performance of the Asian countries and members of APEC are all seen to have made significant contributions in the success of the international economic situation. Another reason on why APEC is seen to be very significant in the global trading is because its member economies are representative of around 42% of the worlds population while it occupies 43% of the worlds total land area. APEC AND THE WTO Both the APEC and the WTO have been active and demonstrated success in their goals of being able to help in the improvement of the performance of domestic economies by being able to facilitate trading and other economic activities. Both have played active and significant roles in being able to liberalize trading. While the WTO is able to promote trade liberalization on a multilateral level, the same thing was done by APEC, only that it covers only the regional level. This is basically because the very nature of the said economic cooperation is limited when it comes to membership size and economic significance. Although the two organizations both have the same goal of being able to liberalize trade, they have totally different approaches on how to achieve such goals. This makes the WTO to be considered as the locus of negotiations and rule-making while the APEC is considered as the consultative body. the rules of the WTO are absolute and applicable all the members of the group while the APEC is more open to dialogue and it is basically voluntary in terms of participation in their economic and trading provisions and other executions or strategic actions. THE STRATEGIC ROADMAP To be able to effectively reach its goals and to be able to help its member countries build a better domestic economy, APEC has established a framework which serves as its roadmap towards achieving success in its operations  [1]  . The following are the basic principles which are dinetified in the said roadmap: non-discrimination; comprehensiveness; simultaneous start, continuous process, and differentiated timetables; comparability; standstill; transparency; consistency with the World Trade Organization; flexibility; and cooperation. Based on these major principles, APEC is seen to operate based on commitments which are assume to be non-binding, facilitates open dialogue, and practices equal respect fro the views of its member nations or participating countries. The strategic roadmap of APEC is influenced by the initiatives of its member countries like three of the worlds most dynamic economies  [2]  , along with the tiger economies of the Asian continent. The goals of APEC are expected to be achieved through a balanced program of: liberalization to be able to dismantle the barriers towards international economic transactions; being able to facilitate investment and trade to effectively reduce divergences which are not needed for domestic policies which are highly influential of international trade; technical cooperation which enables its members to share information as well as skills which are required to enhance the efficiency and availability of regional infrastructure; and coordination of economic policies to be able to help reduce risks or uncertainties in the economy. TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY The succeeding section of this research will provide a discussion on some of the initiatives of the economic organization through the years since its inception  [3]  . During the annual conventions of the member countries, strategies and new goals are laid out in which the members perpetually work for its achievement. Some of these things will be briefly discussed in the next paragraphs in the goal of the researcher to provide some of the initiatives of APEC towards the establishment of a more sustainable economy and nation. The Blake Island Economic Vision In the year 1993, economic leaders from the member countries of APEC gathered in Seattle to be able to discuss the ongoing economic condition and measures in which such problems could be given resolution for the longer term. During this forum in Seattle, the major problems which have been identified include erosion of multilateral global trading system, rise of inward-looking regionalism, and fragmentation within the Asia Pacific. During this convention, a proposition was made to change the meaning of APEC to Asia Pacific Economic Community but it was not approved for such was not deemed appropriate. Furthermore, $2 million  [4]  was also released to fund the activities of the organization in the following year. The leaders, who attended the meeting from APEC member countries, presented The Blake Island Economic Vision. The vision which they created is reflective of how they see the following years would be. The vision which the leaders created presented a call for an Asia Pacific which can be able to fully harness, utilize, and maximize its diverse economies while being able to have strengthened cooperation and promoting prosperity. Another achievement of APEC in the same year is the initiative to push for the creation of the Pacific Business Forum  [5]  and the APEC Education Program  [6]  . The Osaka Action Agenda The Osaka Action Agenda presents two components of how APEC member countries seek to improve its economic condition and sustainability: trade liberalization and facilitation and economic and technical co-operation. The trade liberalization and facilitation seeks to discus fifteen key areas which are seen to be vital in the economic activities of the member nations. These include: tariffs, review of non-tariff measures, investment, procedural custom activities, rights regarding intellectual property, services, purchasing from the national government, policies affecting the competitive environment, conformance with standards, rules of origin, deregulation, implementation of the results of Uruguay Round, mobility of people in business, mediation between disputes and conflicts, gathering of information and analysis. Furthermore, the economic and technical co-operation covers thirteen areas including: small and medium scale enterprises, the development of human resource, industrial scienc e and technology, transportation, tourism, energy, information and telecommunication, infrastructure of the local economy, promotion of trade, information about investment and trade, fisheries, agricultural technology, and conservation of the marine resource  [7]  . Manila Action Plan for APEC A year after the Osaka Action Agenda was laid out, APEC identified the Manila Action Plan for APEC or MAPA which included individual and collective action plans which could be able to help to bring the Bogor goals  [8]  into reality. The individual action plans of the member countries were compiled to be able to help the group stipulate measures which would be necessary to be undertaken to bring into possibility the achievement of free and open trading by 2010 or 2020. Moreover, it was also during the same APEC conference were the members have identified high priority issues which need their immediate attention for resolution to help sustain their economic conditions. These areas include developing human capital; fostering safe and efficient capital markets; strengthening the economic infrastructure; harnessing technologies of the future; promoting growth and improvement which is environmentally sustainable; and encouraging the prosperity of small and medium scale enterprises whi ch are significant in the collective growth of the member countries and of the region in general. Sustaining Growth, Connecting the Region The APEC Summit which was held in Singapore in 2009 marked the twenty years of the organization in pursuit of its objectives. During the summit, the member countries have acknowledged the fact that many things have changed since the inception of APEC although the organization still remains in its pursuit of supporting the growth and economic prosperity in the Asia Pacific region through various trading and economic activities such as free and open trade and investments. It ahs been identified that the robust policies of the organization have helped its member countries to recover from the financial crisis and economic downturn which hit the global economy. It ahs also been identified that responding to food security has been a top priority the year prior to the summit as evident by the calamities which struck its members. During the summit, the leaders also stressed the need to fight corruption, improve governance and implement transparency. These things are seen to be contributory t o the improvement of domestic economies in the Pacific Rim. APEC CHALLENGES In spite the contributions of APEC to the economic development and sustainability of the Pacific Rim, it is also confronted by a number of challenges. This calls for continued initiatives in order to improve the economic situation and to be able to help the organization establish a brighter economic condition in the future. One of the challenges identified to confront the organization is on how it is going to manage globalization as such is seen to have a significant effect on its member countries. The organization is also facing the challenge of how it will be able to effectively manage regional and bilateral free trade agreements which is very critical in the trading activities of member countries. Another challenge which should be overcome by APEC is its initiative to be able to create a free and open trading to its region. Until now, efforts to be able to help achieve such objective are seen to have remained ill defined. There is a need for APEC to realize that it needs modifications with regards to agenda-setting mechanism and procedures. The organization would need to set it eyes towards goals for the longer years and bring the goals into reality such as the achievement of free trade. This year, APEC faces a greater challenge as the deadline is already set for the achievement of the Bogor goals, which is the establishment of free trade. This is apart from other challenges which will confront the organization in succeeding years such as the threat from protectionism and lack of trust on financial institutions. To be able to recover from the financial crisis which hit the economy in the previous years, there is a great challenge not only to attract dynamic investments to boost the economic situation on the Pacific but also to bring back the trust into institutions of finance. By this way, it is acknowledged that a better business will be on its way. Furthermore, the member countries are also challenged to be able to improve its current standings on the World Banks Ease of Doing Business Index. Through this, it is anticipated that more investments will come in as a means of improving financial condition. Several APEC economies are already included in the top five an din the top twenty of the list which is a good indication of the fruitful years to come for the region. A challenge is also posed to address the growing disparities between the urban and rural regions especially with regards to levels of education, social inclusion, and health care provision. CONCLUSION This research does not disregard the importance of the WTO in the trading relationships and quest for the improvement of the economic situation in the Asia Pacific. However, it necessitates the significance of the role which was assumed by APEC to be able to help improve the condition of its member nations. Since its inception in 1989, the organization has helped identified measures on how to achieve greater economic visibility and improved domestic performance through free and open trade and investments among another factors. Nonetheless, twenty years after its establishment, the organization still remains to be challenged by the uncertainties of the economic situation. In the following years, it is expected that the increased importance of the role of the organization, along with WTO, will be more significant in the achievement of prosperity in the Asia Pacific. APEC has signaled the growth of a new political and economic order in the Asia Pacific region through the years. However, the uncertainties in the economic situation made it harder for the organization to achieve its goals and work its way towards prosperity and improvement of the status quo. The organization has also demonstrated positive effects not only on member nations but also towards non-member countries. The perpetual goal of APEC still remains to be the possibility of being able to establish a seamless market or a single economy for the benefit of the Asia Pacific  [9]  . The organization remains true to its commitment of helping countries be able to establish a more sustainable and economic condition. Through the years, the organization is left with shoes to fill and expectations to fulfill on its ability to bring a free and open trading and attract investments in the region in order to trigger economic activity and condition on individual member countries and the Pacif ic Rim in general.

Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Health And Social Care Essay

COPD is common worldwide contributes to major disablement every bit good as economic and societal load. More than 30 million Americans have COPD. Deaths from COPD numbered 118,774 in 2001. It remain 4th taking cause of decease in united provinces. Over the past 20 old ages their decease rate has increased about three creases. 20.1 Per 100,000 in 1980. 56.7 Per 100,000 in 2000. COPD likely highest in England when comparison to the remainder of Europe, particularly in the major Centres of industry. Approximately 5 % of population in Sweden have jobs caused from COPD disease. 35000 sweds is annually placed into infirmary for intervention for heavy external respiration job caused by COPD. In Sweden approximately 2000 individual died of COPD disease annually.PHYSIOTHERAPY IN COPDPhysiotherapy is frequently required to assist clear secernment and cut down work of external respiration, including non invasive airing to forestall cannulation. Physiotherapy must therefore include educating the patient and household about Restoration and care of exercising tolerance and self direction. Physiotherapy is hence best provided in the signifier of pneumonic rehabilitation. To live over any bronchospasm and ease the remotion of secernments. To better the form of external respiration, take a breathing control and control of dyspnea. To learn local relaxation, better position and aid still fright and anxiousness. To increase the cognition of the patient about lung status and control of the symptoms. Improve exercising tolerance and guarantee a long term committedness to exercisings. To cut down the perceptual experience of shortness of breath. To better the functional capacity. To cut down the degree of anxiousness for physical activity.Effects OF CHEST WALL STRETCHING IN COPDChest wall musculuss stretching techniques increases critical capacity and scope of gesture. Keeping respiratory musculus map of critical importance for the respiratory system. The stretching of musculus fibers promotes consecutive addition in the figure of sarcomeres. Increase the volume of the splanchnic mass, inappropriate position, respiratory disease, and musculus failing and aging. Muscle stretching technique addition flexibleness and hurts. Prevent the musculus from responding sufficient extremum tenseness, which evolves to muscle failing, abjuration.Need For The StudyAlthou gh intercessions to change by reversal failing in peripheral musculuss, are in common usage, secondary postural malformations can happen in response to hyper rising prices and increased work of take a breathing in COPD patients. Postural alterations can include elevated, protracted or abducted shoulder blade with medially rotated humerus and crookback spinal malformations. Since, hyper rising prices of the thorax, topographic points pectoralis major musculus in a sawed-off place it increases the opposition of chest wall to spread out, farther increasing the work of external respiration. The intent of this survey was aimed at stretching the shortened pectoral muscle major musculuss utilizing the clasp relax PNF technique and integrating pectoral mobility exercises to change by reversal the alterations in the chest wall following COPD.HypothesisNull hypothesisThere is no important difference in the dyspnea degree and shoulder horizontal extension following hold relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings.Alternate hypothesisThere is important difference in the dyspnea degree and shoulder horizontal extensions following clasp relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings.CHAPTER – TwoREVIEW OF LITERATUREKimm ( 1987 )Respiratory musculuss stretching better airing and tissue oxygenation improves the activity of day-to-day life and quality of life.Kahisaki et al. , ( 1999 )The elongation of the respiratory musculuss might better pectoral enlargement and lessening dyspnea in COPD patients.Hamer A, Mahler A, Daubensperh.1967Respiratory musculus stretching m ay heighten respiratory musculus map and cut down dyspnea in diagnostic patients with mild COPD.Levso, Honvoh F 1982,Stretching exercisings are a good 1 for the COPD patients and showed to be better the quality of life of patients.Magadle R, Mc Connel AX, Beckerman M,Inspiratory musculus preparation provides extra benefits to patients undergoing pneumonic rehabilitation plan.Moore AJ, StubbingsA, 2006,Concluded that COPD consequences non merely alteration in musculus fiber type distribution, but in a structural alteration in the titin molecule in all musculus fibre type with in the stop.M.Estenne, PA Gevenois, W KinnerIn many patients with chronic failing of the respiratory muscles the cut down the lung distensability does non look to be caused by microatelectasis, it might be related to changes in snap of the lung tissues.Hideko minoguchi, Hirotaka TanakaRespiratory musculus stretch may hold clinically important benefits, which may be slightly different from the benefit of inspirat ory musculus preparation, in patients with COPD.M.Jeffy mador, MD, Omar Deniz MDThe endurance of the respiratory musculuss can be improved by specific developing beyond that achieved by endurance developing entirely in patients with COPD.Eleine Paulin, Antonio ternando Bruneto 2003.Our consequences suggest that exercises aimed that pectoral enlargement better thoracic enlargement, quality of life bombers maximum exercising capacity, every bit good as cut down dyspnea and depression in COPD patients.PJ Wijkstra, EM tenvergart R, new wave AltenaThis survey is first show the rehabilitation at place for three months followed by one time monthly physical therapy Sessionss improve quality of life over 18 months ; the alteration in quality of life was non associated with a alteration in exercising tolerance.Havver A, Mahler DA 1989Target inspiratory musculus stretching may heighten respiratory musculus map and cut down dyspnea in diagnostic patients with COPD.Camargo CA, Clarks Kenney PA.A dditions slow critical capacity significantly correlated with dyspnoea betterment among exigency section patients with COPD.Montaldo et al. , 2000The greater pectoral enlargement might better the length tenseness ratio of the respiratory muscles diminish the sensory nerve stimulation for cardinal respiratory control and cut down dyspnea.Teddoro montemayor et al. , 2006Suggested that a simple place based plan of exercising preparation achieved betterment is exercise tolerance, station attempt dyspnea, and quality of life in COPD patients.Mario grassi MD, marica pecis 2009A disease oriented place attention plan is effectual in cut downing mortality in COPD patients.Manuel gimenz, Pedro vergara 2000A maximally intense stretching exercising plan can be created for most COPD patients that can significantly better respiratory musculus strength and endurance.Denna swart out-corbeil R.N, Davison A.M 2006Physical exercising is designed to better respiratory efficiency promote, enlargement of lung and, chest, beef up the respiratory musculus and assist the patient breath more freely and to acquire more O into the organic structure.American physiological society 2006The physical exercising improves respiratory take a breathing capacity by increasing chest wall enlargement and forced expiratory lung volume, bole mobility improves the chest wall map and relieves dyspneas.Putt MT, Watson M, seale H,The clasp and loosen up techniques produce short term benefits in patients with COPD.CHAPTER – ThreeMATERIALS AND METHODOLOGYStudy designA individual group pre test- station trial experimental survey design.3.2 Study putingDepartment of pulmonology, K.G.Hospital, Coimbatore-18.3.3 Study continuanceStudy was conducted for a period of three months ( 12 hebdomads ) .3.4 SamplingSimple random sampling.3.5 SubjectsA sum of 15 patients diagnosed with mild COPD by the clinical doctor go toing the outpatient Department of Pulmonology of K.G.Hospital were selected indiscriminately for the survey.3.6 Criteria for choiceInclusive standardsPatients classified as holding mild COPD by the doctors were taken for the survey. Ability to execute exercisings. Both sexes. Patient in age group between 35-45 old ages.Exclusive standardsPatients with any associated jobs of COPD Recent acute aggravation of disease Conditionss that contraindicate the application of clasp and loosen up techniques. Secondary musculoskeletal upsets. Recent breaks or hurt to the ribs, collarbone or upper limb. Perennial subluxation or disruption of either shoulder. Inability to execute isometric contraction. Connective tissue upset Ischemic bosom diseases Uncontrolled hyper tenseness Moderate to severe osteoporosis Extra conditions curtailing chest enlargement ( e.g. Obesity, terrible scoliosis, ancylosing spondylitis ) Systemic disease musculuss and articulations ( e.g. Rheumatoid arthritis ) Extremist mastectomy with remotion of the pectoral muscle major musculus. Recent thorax or abdominal surgery.3.7 VariablesIndependent variablesHold and loosen up technique Thoracic mobility exercisingsDependent variablesShoulder horizontal extension Rate of perceived effort3.8 ToolsGoniometer Borg ‘s graduated table3.9. ProcedureBefore the intervention all the topics were explained about the survey process and intervention to be applied. They were asked to inform if they had any uncomfortableness during the class of intervention. The patients were explained and show about the clasp relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings which they had to execute. The pre trial shoulder horizontal extension and rate perceived effort steps were taken, after which the group was asked to execute hold relax technique and pectoral mobility exercising for a continuance of 6 hebdomads, after which shoulder horizontal extension and dyspnea was assessed utilizing Goniometer and Borg ‘s graduated table severally. At the terminal of the 12th hebdomad the degree of dyspnea was found to be decreased with an addition in shoulder horizontal extension motion.3.10. Stastical toolsPaired ‘t ‘ TrialPaired't ‘ trial was used to compare the pre Vs station & A ; post Vs station trial values of both the groups. vitamin D = difference between pre trial V station trial vitamin D = mean difference n = entire figure of topics s = criterion divergenceUnpaired ‘t ‘ TrialThis was used to analyse the significance between experimental and control groups. Where, S = Standard divergence = Mean of control groups = Mean of experimental group n1 = Number of topics in control groups n2 = Number of topics in experimental groupChapter – FourDATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONShoulder Horizontal Extension MovementTABLE – IPaired ‘t ‘ TrialsShows the mean, average difference, standard divergence and paired't ‘ values between pre trial and station trial values.S.NOTrialMeanMendeleviumSouth dakota‘t ‘ ValuessPre Test 18.6 11 2.80 16.6 Post Test 30.6 The above tabular array I shows the analysis of pre trial and station trial values. The mated t-test value is ( 16.6 ) which is greater than the tabulated t-value ( =2.145 ) at 5 % degree of significance. This shows that there is a important difference between the values.DyspneaTABLE – TwoPaired ‘t ‘ trialsShows the mean, average difference, standard divergence and paired't ‘ values between pre trial and station trial values.S.NOTrialMeanMendeleviumSouth dakota‘t ‘ ValuessPRE Trial 16.6 1.67 2.31 10.2 POST Trial 10.5 The above tabular array II shows the analysis of pre trial and station trial values. The mated t-test value is ( 10.2 ) which is greater than the tabulated t-value ( =2.145 ) at 5 % degree of significance. This shows that there is a important difference between the values.GRAPH – ISHOULDER HORIZONTAL EXTENSION MOVEMENT COMPARISON OF PRE TEST AND POST TEST VALUESShoulder Horizontal Extension MovementGRAPH – TwoDyspneaCOMPARISON OF PRE TEST AND POST TEST VALUESDyspneaChapter – VoltDiscussionPurpose of this survey was to bespeak that a hold relax technique specifically to the pectoral muscle major musculus is capable of increasing the result steps which are shoulder horizontal extension scope of gesture ( there by a little addition in critical capacity ) and cut down dyspnea in COPD patients. Previous surveies have found that a hold relax technique in normal topics can bring forth statically important increased hemodynamic viz. , systolic and diastolic blood force per unit area, as rate of perceived effort, respiratory rate, SaO2 were non adversely affected in any topics after intercession, this implies that the intervention is a safe method of intervention in chronic respiratory patients. The active method of intervention included in this survey appears to be safe and effectual in chronic respiratory patients. As adaptative shortening and stiffness around the upper limb musculus quadrant addition chest wall opposition and work of take a breathing. A method of change by reversaling these alterations of import to include a direction program for these patients. ( Arch phys med rehabilitation, vol 89, June 2008 ) . 15 topics with COPD were indiscriminately selected as a individual group who underwent hold relax technique of the pectoral muscle major and pectoral mobility exercisings, following 12 hebdomads of survey continuance and there was a important betterment of the result steps shoulder horizontal extension ( t 16.6 ) and dyspnea ( t 10.2 ) .Chapter – SixDecisionThis survey shows as important betterment in the dyspnea degree ( t=10.2 ) and shoulder horizontal extension ( t=16.6 ) in patients with mild COPD following hold relax technique and pectoral mobility exercisings. This provides considerable grounds that hold relax technique can better the restrictive constituent of COPD, Extensibility of the pectoral muscle major musculus and perchance get the better of some of the postural alterations of COPD.Chapter – SevenLIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSRestrictionRestriction of this survey is that FEV1, FVC were non measured in order to bespeak the badness of COPD in each topics. Demographic information was non taken into the survey.RecommendationFurther survey should be done to larn more about how to change by reversal the secondary soft tissue effects of chronic respiratory disease.Chapter – Eight

Depression Research Paper

Depression In this research paper I would be talking about depression disorder and the possible causes of depression and types of ways to cure it. Here are top five symptoms of why depression disorder occurs. †¢Loss of interest †¢Poor concentration and memory †¢Thoughts of regret, self-hatred, and suicide †¢Loss of appetite †¢Lack of sleep Depression is described as a mood disorder in which you feel sad sometimes, lack of sleep, having difficult times completing tasks during the day and other symptoms like the ones described above, it can bring down a person’s mood during any normal day activities for a long period of time.It also causes negative thoughts, become frustrated, and can cause you to commit suicide. Depression is a bad feeling like you feel like you’re going in circles in your mindset. Depression is a common in the United States and other parts of the world it is stated to be a very serious condition and more than 15 million people i n the United States has it (VIIBRYD , 2012). What do we do?A recent research study shows that vilazodone or known as VIIBRID is an antidepressant medicine that helps with the disorder but can only be use for adults because it has side effects that wouldn’t be so good for young adults do to health problems. By taking this antidepressant it can increase the risk compared to suicidal thinking and behavior in children, teens, if fewer than 18. Another antidepressant would be ABILIFY or known as aripiprazole it is a prescription medicine that helps treat depression in adults as an add-on treatment to an antidepressant when an antidepressant alone is not enough.It is stated that if you are an adult who has been an antidepressant for at least 6 weeks and are still struggling with depression, then aripiprazole could help in as early as 1 to 2 weeks (An-Add On Treatment For Depression, 2011) Psychotherapy can also be very useful in helping with depression. It can be very helpful for a dults or young adults with forms of depression. Psychotherapy can be used alone or in combination with medication. It’s also known as a talk therapy.The two main types of psychotherapy that are typically used to treat depression are: * Cognitive-behavioral therapy – helps to reduce depression symptoms by challenging and reversing negative beliefs and attitudes. * Interpersonal therapy – helps to resolve role disputes and to overcome problems with social skills and other interpersonal factors that may impact the development of depression. (Pristiq) I choose this particular disorder because I never knew exactly what causes people headaches and why people commit suicide.I feel depress sometimes when I have a lot of work to do and little sleep but I manage to work around my time and not let depression bring me down. In researching this disorder I have gotten a better understanding about the causes of depression, what it means, and ways to treat it. I can help others identify if they are going thru depression or have it but don’t realized it and can give them information on how to get help and treat it.Depression is a big mental disorder but I’m not going to let it bring me down or others around me. There’s always a way out and ways to cure depression disorder that is thru antidepressants, or psychotherapy’s. Works Cited An-Add On Treatment For Depression. (2011). Retrieved from ABILLIFY web site: http://www. abilify. com VIIBRYD . (2012). Retrieved from Viibryd web site: https://www. viibryd. com Pristiq. (n. d. ). Retrieved from Depression Treatments web site: http://www. pristiq. com

Helping You Break Down Brackets

Helping You Break Down Brackets Confused about the correct use of brackets in English writing? Dont worry, youre not the only one. The good news is that there are limited uses for brackets in most citation or formatting styles, so there arent very many rules to learn.The most common use of brackets in academic writing and journalism is to add editorial content that is not otherwise part of the original quote. Writers and editors do this for several reasons, including:To clarifyExample: The speaker noted, That year [1990] was the year we saw success.In the above example, the writer has added [1990] to clarify the year to which the speaker was referring. This was done because the audience reading the quote would not otherwise know this information, usually because it was not included in the context of the quote (but elsewhere in a speech or piece of writing).To translateExample: He looked deeply into her eyes and said, je taime [I love you].In the above example, the speaker didnt speak the words in English. This was added by the writer or editor to translate words that the audience might not know the meaning of.To indicate a change in capitalizationExample: [J]ust dont text and drive, said the teacher.In the above example, the quote was taken from the middle of a sentence, I dont care how much youre on your phone when youre at home, but just dont text and drive. Since the writer or editor only wished to use part of the quote, the small case j was changed to a capital letter, so brackets were needed for it.To indicate an errorWhen quoting someone who makes an error in their speech or written words, brackets are often used around the word sic.Example: He were [sic] a thief yesterday, said the store owner, when filing a police report.To note added emphasisA writer will often add visual emphasis to a word to get the reader to focus on it and when this happens, those changes should be noted in brackets.Example: Our world is a much [emphasis added] different now that social media has taken over, she said.To note objectionable content that has been removedWhen a writer chooses to intentionally leave out objectionable content from a quote, brackets are used to note that removal.Example: Get the [expletive] out of here now, he shouted.To separate levels of parenthetical parts of the sentenceThis is not something you will encounter often, but when it happens, brackets can be used to create another level of parentheses in a sentence.Example: In his research on the mating habits of the shark, Bedford noted the role that environment must play in ensuring a healthy population (see Luther et. al [2011] for the details of this research).

Postal Rule Essays

Postal Rule Essays Postal Rule Essay Postal Rule Essay Wajid, a plumber, has a mobile phone contract with Telecom until 31st October. He has also had dealings with phone companies Webphone and Savaphone, with a view to getting a cheaper phone contract elsewhere. The current date is 7th October. Wajid has a problem in the area of agreement concerning the three contracts he has sought advice on. Agreement is the meeting of minds or actions of the parties to agree on a contract, within which are two sections, offer and acceptance. Both offer and acceptance are essential for the formation of a valid and binding contract, so each issue Wajid has needs to be viewed in these terms to discuss whether he is bound to any contracts or not. Individually each contract, or potential contract, will be discussed to decide whether Wajid has a binding contract with any of the three companies which he has dealt with. Telecom Wajid currently has a phone contract with Telecom, which is due to expire on 31st October. He received a letter from them on 1st October, explaining to him that his contract will automatically be renewed unless they hear from him before the end of his current contract. With reference to acceptance. For a contract to be valid there must be an offer and an acceptance. A valid acceptance must agree to all particulars in the offer, otherwise it becomes a counter-offer. All terms and conditions must be met in order for an acceptance to be valid. See Neale v Merritt (1930), where an offer stipulated full payment on acceptance. The defendant purported to accept the offer and enclose part payment, and a promise to pay the rest in instalments. This was deemed in court to not be a true acceptance, and the contract declared void. Offers, unless stated otherwise, can be communicated either in writing, orally or by conduct. Wajid would extend his contract with Telecom on 1st November by conduct, as he would not have informed them that he no longer wishes to have a contract with them, however, given the current date is still only 7th October, he has not entered into this new contract yet. Wajid does not have a binding contract with Telecom apart from that which he is coming to the end of. Unless the 31st October passes and he has not communicated to them his wish to end his contract, then he will not have a binding contract with them, only the contract which he already has, which is coming to its end. Savaphone On 2nd October Wajid telephoned Savaphone, and was quoted a price cheaper than that of Telecom. He said on the phone that hed sign up and the salesperson sent out the forms for him to sign, which Wajid received on the 4th, signed and promptly posted back on his way to work. With reference to offer. An offer is made where a person (offeror) unequivocally expresses to another (offeree) his willingness to make a binding agreement on the terms specified by him if they are accepted by the offeree. An offer may be made to a specific person, a group of people or the world at large. An offer to a specific person cannot be accepted by anyone except that person. In relation to invitation to treat. Invitation to treat is not an offer, and its acceptance does not constitute the formation of a contract. There are many cases where invitations a misconstrued as offers. For example a shop displaying goods for sale with a price tag attached, they are not obliged to sell at that price, and it is only an invitation to buy the products, not an offer, see Fisher v Bell (1966) and Partridge v Crittendon (1968). Wajid received an invitation to treat on the phone from Savaphone, so does not constitute a binding contract. However, when he receives the formal offer letter in the post, signs it and posts it back, he has accepted an offer from Savaphone. With reference to Postal Rule. The postal rule is that, where acceptance by post has been requested or where it is an appropriate and reasonable means of communication between the parties, then acceptance is complete immediately the letter has been posted, see Adams v Lindsell (1818) and Household fire insurance co v Grant (1879). The application of the postal rule requires that the letter of acceptance has been posted, addressed and stamped properly; see Re London and Northern Bank (1900) and Getreideimport GmbH v Contimar (1953). The postal rule does not apply where the means of communication are instantaneous (oral, telephone, telex, fax, e-mail) where the express or implied terms of the offer exclude the postal rule. See Holwell Securities v Hughes, CA, 1974 where it is unreasonable to use the post or where the application of the rule would produce a manifest absurdity, see Holwell Securities v Hughes, CA, 1974. Wajid has a binding contract with Savaphone, because the postal rule states that as soon as a letter of acceptance has been posted, then acceptance is complete and a contract is binding. With regard to Wajid leaving a telephone message stating he no longer wants a contract with them, after contacting Webphone, the postal rule states that where the rule applies, an offeree who has posted his acceptance is not allowed to revoke it by some quicker means of communication, in this case by phone, see Dunmore v Alexander (1830). Wajid does have a binding contract with Savaphone, as of 4th October, due to the effect of the postal rule, and that he was not allowed to revoke the rule and acceptance by leaving an answer phone message with Savaphone. Webphone The Webphone case is based on whether an offer has been made and accepted. By clicking on the internet prompts, Wajid had not entered into a contract with Webphone. The website gave an invitation to treat, which Wajid accepted, which would lead to the formal offer letter being sent to him, similar to what happened with Savaphone. However, by the 6th October Wajid had not received the forms from Webphone, and the company had realised that they had made an error on the website, that they had been offering a wrong price (too low). After Wajid contacted them via e-mail, they replied inviting him to take advantage of the correct price for a contract. Wajid had not accepted an offer at a lower price, as Webphone had realised their error before sending out the official offer documents, so he has no binding contract with Webphone at all, at the correct or lower price. Wajid could have claimed a case of Negligence through common mistake from Webphone, but, using Smith v Eric S Bush (1990), the case gave rise to giving the defendants suitable time to detect the error and rectify it, which Webphone did in this case. Only if Webphone had sent out the documents with the lower price and then retracted the lower price, would they be liable for negligent charges against them. Wajid has no binding contract with Webphone. When looking for a remedy to this problem, an overview of Wajids situation is required. He has a contract with Telecom which expires on 31st October but will automatically renew on 1st November unless he contacts them to cancel. He has a binding contract with Savaphone because he has signed and posted his acceptance of their offer, and on 7th October has received confirmation of his new mobile phone contract with them. Wajid has no binding contract with Webphone, as they rectified their error and sent no official documents for him to sign. It seems that Wajid now has no choice but to stick with the Savaphone contract to which he is now bound to, which is cheaper than that of Telecom. He would be advised to cancel his Telecom contract before his time runs out, and stick with the Savaphone deal. He need have no more dealings with Webphone because he has no binding contract with them. Wajid will be left with one mobile phone contract, which is cheaper than that which he originally had, so is better off now than before. He need not pursue any court proceedings for his mobile phone contracts, as he would not have a case against any of them. Advice to Wajid would therefore be to stick with his now binding Savaphone contract. Bibliography Law for Accountancy students 7th edition; Richard Card Jennifer James; Butterworths publishers 2002

Computer Game Improves the Motivation of Learning Mathematics Research Paper

Computer Game Improves the Motivation of Learning Mathematics - Research Paper Example According to Azevedo, mathematics or math games are fun activities. They usually encourage motivation, call for deep thinking, require both chance and skills, and provide multiple approaches to problem-solving. These games implement certain mathematical strategies and skills by leveraging the natural inclination of the student to play. The games can either be played by an individual, a small or large group; it can be cooperative and/or competitive. Mathematical games have been proved to have some rewarding impacts to students. Azevedo argues that games are usually part of after-school activities. Math games can provide the students with suitable contexts for developing both socially and mathematically. In addition, Shin, Sutherland, Norris & Soloway affirm that students can explore and discuss new strategies with their peers and use these strategies to solve and calculate mathematical problems. Furthermore, math games allow the students to participate at a level of their choice and b uild on their knowledge and understanding. There exists limited empirical literature that supports the hypothesis with most of those advocating for the technique being the game developers and investors, which makes the supporting results relatively biased.There have been many studies showing how computer games find their place at the elementary school class and students. In order to support the hypothesis that computer games improve motivation in learning mathematics in elementary school, four studies from different sources are considered.

Kinotrope Technology in The Difference Engine Essay

Kinotrope Technology in The Difference Engine - Essay Example Charles Babbage, now known as Lord Babbage, invention leads to Britain being ruled by intellectuals. The Lord Byron, once Charles’s assistant, goes on to become Britain’s prime minister (Gibson & Bruce 67). Furthermore, the invention of the Difference Engine causes class warfare between the old guard and the new guard. The new guard wins this war, led by Lord Byron who assumes power after this upheaval. The novel is not one continuous narrative about Babbage rather it is the amalgamation of three stories. The novel first introduces the reader to Sybil Gerard, the daughter of a Luddite. Luddites, in this book, are the working class that oppose technology and are suppressed by the rulers (Gibson & Bruce 83). Sybil is not successful in her search for gainful employment and resorts to prostitution to make ends meet. Later she becomes the apprentice of a clacker under Sam Houston in the state of Texas. The second character is Edward â€Å"Leviathan† Mallory who has several titles under his belt. He is an explorer and a palaeontologist. His story revolves around the fact that he is being chased for his knowledge of a device known as the Modus (Gibson & Bruce106). The last character in the book is Laurence Oliphant who elaborates the misgivings of this Information age. The book requires one to brush up on the history on Europe and America. The brushing up helps in reducing confusion during the book as it relays an alternate history with real life characters (Rapatzikou 47). Moreover, the writers display depth in information on the technological capabilities that would be realistic in that period. Majority of novels adopt a utopian perspective in describing technologies in their novels. The culture of this generation still possesses barbaric practices such as slavery and sexism remain in force despite the technological advancement of the era. Other areas such as medicine are left in medieval status (McHale, Brian & Randall

History of Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History of Germany - Essay Example Although nominally a league of equals, in practice the empire was dominated by the largest and most powerful state, Prussia. The period of Bismarck was considered a golden era under whom, Germany rose to become one among the greatest powers of the world. The imperial crown was hereditary in the House of Hohenzollern, the kings of Prussia. The last king in the Prussian era was William II. William became internationally known for his aggressive foreign policy positions and strategic blunders which pushed the German Empire into political isolation and later into World War I. Under William II, Germany no longer had long-ruling strong chancellors like Bismarck. William II wanted Germany to have its "place in the sun" like the British Empire and set Germany to begin colonial efforts in Africa and the Pacific. With much territory in Africa colonized, Germans got only a small share. This created a fight for power, which eventually triggered World War I. Emperor William II abdicated the throne and then Government received an armistice on November 11, 1918 which marked the end of World War I. It also signed the Humiliating Versailles treaty. The imperialism was succeeded by the democratic, yet flawed, Weimar Republic. It was doomed from the beginning since even moderates disliked it and extremists on both the left and right loathed it. It eventually brought Nazis led by Adolph Hitler to power. Nazism or National Socialism refers primarily to the ideology and practices of the Nazi Party under Adolph Hitler; and the policies adopted by the government of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. It established a kind of imperialism on Germany and despised Jews and communists. It ruled Germany during the pre-war period and Hitler became "The Fhrer". He started World War II citing the humiliation of Germany in World War II. Germany was defeated by allied forces in the War. Following Germany's defeat in World War II and the beginning of the Cold War, Germany was split, representing the focus of the two global blocs in the east and west. International plans for the unification of Germany were made during the early years following the establishment of the two states, but to no avail. During the summer of 1989, rapid changes took place in East Germany, which ultimately led to German reunification. Only in 1990 would Germany be reunited. Towards end of the Century, Germany became the centre of attraction in European Union. It is one of the most industrialized and developed nations of the world. (The Causes of World War One (2004)) German Education: The German Empire had a strong influence on German culture, including its education. Kingdom of Prussia was among the first countries in the world (if not the first at all) to introduce free and generally compulsory primary education, consisting of an eight-year course of primary education, Volksschule. Under the German Empire the school system became more centralized. More secondary schools were established, and the state had the right to set standards and to supervise the newly established schools. Four different types of secondary schools developed: A nine-year classical Gymnasium (focusing on Latin and Greek or Hebrew, plus one modern language), a nine-year Realgymnasium

Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Essay Example for Free

Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Essay As it stands currently the existing effect of the economic factors on aggregate demand and supply are: unemployment, consumer income, and interest rates. In this paper we identify the existing effect of the economic factors on aggregate demand and supply. The American people have little to no income when unemployed, this in turn causes a decrease in demand for the economy. This type of event causes the aggregate demand to curve to the left. One of the main reasons unemployment remains high to this day is the lack of demand. A shortfall in aggregate demand is precisely the type of issue that can be addressed by monetary policy, however, to do so we need continuous monetary stimulus to progress toward maximum employment stability. The crash of the housing market has set tremendous limitation on consumer and their spending. Sternness on behalf of the government to a certain extent has decreased aggregate demand during this recovery period. These actions have directly impacted growth. What this means to us is that lower government spending and higher taxes call for disposable income for consumers, work for government contractors diminishing, and a decrease in government payroll. Another factor that has had great effect and impact are the levels of uncertainty. The events leading to this state have yet to be resolved which in turn have caused a lack of willingness and confidence within consumers. In the beginning the levels of uncertainty reflected the force of influence the recession had on us as consumers . This is something that had not been experienced in several years which made it difficult for us to handle or even find a way to get by in a more successful demeanor. After extensive research and analysis it is safe to say the supply-side considerations explain some of the rise in unemployment, which once again confirm the lack of demand as well as the fact that the economy is suffering first and foremost of a weak demand rather than a shortage of supply. References Williams, J. C. (2013, February 25). The Economy and Fed Policy: Follow the Demand. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Retrieved from http://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2013/february/economy-fed-policy-follow-demand/ Thoma, M. (2012, March 28). Demand, not supply, is restraining the economy. CBS News. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-57405230/demand-not-supply-is-restraining-the-economy/

The Death Penalty Is A Necessary Evil Essay -- Pro Capital Punishment

The death penalty is a necessary evil that has a positive effect on society today. It is an effective deterrent of crime as well as a safeguard for society. It also helps to keep order in our cities. It is a just and effective punishment for those who have committed crimes heinous enough to deserve death. The death penalty is not a new idea in our world. Its origins date back over 3,700 years to the Babylonian civilization, where it was prescribed for a variety of crimes. (Capital Punishment p.10). It was also greatly used in the Greek and Roman empires. It continued into England during the Middle Ages, and then to the American colonies where it exists still today. In the colonies, death was a prescribed punishment for crimes such as: murder, rape, arson, and perjury. In America today, the main crime deserving death is obviously murder. (Capital Punishment p.11-15). Does the death penalty truly deter crimes and murder? This question is at the heart of a heated political controversy over the punishment. Opposers to the death penalty say no because of the large amount of people on death row today. They also say that states that have the death penalty have a higher crime rate than those that do not, and therefore it is not effective and somewhat contributes to the problem. (http://www.rit.edu/~wwl2461/cp.html). I must point out though that states that have the death penalty are usually highly urbanized areas that most likely will have high crime rates because of the large population. Rather, in rural states there is no need for the death penalty because the population is most likely low and scattered throughout the region. States that practice capital punishment do so because of high crime ra... ...most effective means of crime deterrent as you can see. It not only punishes those who commit the crimes, but also prevents future crimes by scaring the would-be murderer with the consequence he would pay for his actions. It has proven effective throughout history, and will hold strong through the ages as long as people continue to be corrupt and commit crimes. Bibliography The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints Written by David L. Becker, 2011 pp.b41, 70 Capital Punishment Written by Michael Kronenwetter, 2013 pp. 10-15, 31 "More Blacks Favor the Death Penalty" JET Magazine, Vol. 93, Issue 24, May 11, 2008 pp. 5-6 Pro Capital Punishment Page http://www.rit.edu/~wwl2461/cp.html Capital Punishment http://ethics.acusd.edu/mill.html The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), WEb. 13 May 2015. http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=18 The Death Penalty Is A Necessary Evil Essay -- Pro Capital Punishment The death penalty is a necessary evil that has a positive effect on society today. It is an effective deterrent of crime as well as a safeguard for society. It also helps to keep order in our cities. It is a just and effective punishment for those who have committed crimes heinous enough to deserve death. The death penalty is not a new idea in our world. Its origins date back over 3,700 years to the Babylonian civilization, where it was prescribed for a variety of crimes. (Capital Punishment p.10). It was also greatly used in the Greek and Roman empires. It continued into England during the Middle Ages, and then to the American colonies where it exists still today. In the colonies, death was a prescribed punishment for crimes such as: murder, rape, arson, and perjury. In America today, the main crime deserving death is obviously murder. (Capital Punishment p.11-15). Does the death penalty truly deter crimes and murder? This question is at the heart of a heated political controversy over the punishment. Opposers to the death penalty say no because of the large amount of people on death row today. They also say that states that have the death penalty have a higher crime rate than those that do not, and therefore it is not effective and somewhat contributes to the problem. (http://www.rit.edu/~wwl2461/cp.html). I must point out though that states that have the death penalty are usually highly urbanized areas that most likely will have high crime rates because of the large population. Rather, in rural states there is no need for the death penalty because the population is most likely low and scattered throughout the region. States that practice capital punishment do so because of high crime ra... ...most effective means of crime deterrent as you can see. It not only punishes those who commit the crimes, but also prevents future crimes by scaring the would-be murderer with the consequence he would pay for his actions. It has proven effective throughout history, and will hold strong through the ages as long as people continue to be corrupt and commit crimes. Bibliography The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints Written by David L. Becker, 2011 pp.b41, 70 Capital Punishment Written by Michael Kronenwetter, 2013 pp. 10-15, 31 "More Blacks Favor the Death Penalty" JET Magazine, Vol. 93, Issue 24, May 11, 2008 pp. 5-6 Pro Capital Punishment Page http://www.rit.edu/~wwl2461/cp.html Capital Punishment http://ethics.acusd.edu/mill.html The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), WEb. 13 May 2015. http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=18