The Japanese Militarys Threat to Americans :: Japan Army Military War Essays

The Japanese Militarys Threat to AmericansThe war in the Pacific was unlike the European and Mediterranean campaigns. Through place the European campaign the allied forces focused on strategic bombing and ground forces. Tank usage was more evident during the African and European theatres also. There were umteen changes in warfare that occurred during World War II. Warfare in the African and European theatre was fought mainly in the air and on ground. Due, in part, to the decorate of the Pacific warfare evolved sophistication in technology and weaponry increased, heated struggles with a fanatical enemy, and increased coordination between air and marine support. Island hopping became the paradigm in the Pacific, naval and air support would lead the way. The U.S. Navy moved into the Pacific in 1942. Americans combined air, land, and sea forces for tremendous strides across the ocean. The navy fighter planes and bombers would trim serious damage upon the Japanese navy. In one day air swap sank all the transports and four destroyers the Japanese lost 3,000 soldiers and most of the 51st Divisions staff. Naval craft moved troops and planes into the Pacific. Fighter planes and bombers cleared the way for the oncoming fleets. This led to the ability of the American forces to begin taking strategic islands. Sledge described naval support, H-hour, 0800. Long jets of red flame mixed with thick black smoke rushed out of the muzzles of the huge battleships 16-inch gunsThe giant shells tore through the air toward the island, hollow like locomotives. The bombardment of the beaches was necessary due to the resistance of Japanese forces that protected them. On the reef and beach amtracs and DUKWs burned while Japanese machine-gun release went splashing through the water. American forces would secure islands while sea and air forces worked hand in hand supplying the troops. Supplies were received from sea through amphibious landings and air drops. The air and naval forc es proved effective due to the sophistication of technology and weaponry they carried. New technology allowed the allied forces to land on the beaches from carriers out at sea. Problems arose when low tides stranded Higgins boats on reefs far from the beaches. lowered water levels caused Higgins boats (LCVP set down Craft, Vehicle and Personnel) to strand on the reef the use of amphibian tractors (LVTs Landing Vehicles, Tracked assault amphibians) to carry the troops across the reef.

Pearl Harbor :: essays research papers

The movie os Harbor is a depiction of the actual beleaguer from the Japanese on American soil. It appears that the Japaneses peace talks with the United States was a ploy to set up the most surprising attack that the United States has each experienced. It is clear the attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise and roughthing that Naval Intelligence had at one point hinted of the possibility of such attack occurring. On December 7, 1941, from 7 am to 945 am., and a clear day on Sunday. Pearl Harbor was attacked and over 3,000 lives were lost. According to our US. write up book, 2,400 lives were lost on this day and 1,200 wounded. Since July of 1941 Naval Intelligence hinted of the possibility of such attack. The Japanese deliberately sent radio messaged to confuse the Americans to think that peace was a common vision. During this time World War II was being fought in Europe. Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Great Britain was asking for more planes and warships from the Americans. The United States did not take to commit any troops to the was in Europe. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States had not choice, but to get involved and commit to flake with the Allies forcer in Europe. This is proof that preempted strikes are sometimes necessary to prevent loss of human lives. In the mist of the attack, the hospitals were being bombarded by patients that they could not handle. Nurses were agonistic to label bodies or lives that were salvageable against lives that soon die. They had to expand energy on those that had the possibility to survive. Imagine having to label bodies and almost play the role of God. To have to make up who is dying and who has that extreme possibility to live. Meanwhile, as the Japanese continue their bombing, there some smaller air fields that had not recognized initially. There were some pilots that were able to man their planes and shoot down many planes. The Japanese lost 29 out of 350 planes on their attack on the Unite d States. Strategically, the Japanese attacked the Island of Pearl Harbor, from the northeast. Which means that they were attacked from behind other Islands of Hawaii. The technology was that Japanese torpedoes where armed with wooden panels so that when they entered shallow waters and strike their targets at ease.

Womens Prostitution and the Criminal Justice System Essay -- Female W

In the following assignment, it is my intention to produce a inquiry report, examining women involved in road prostitution and how they devastation up entering the criminal justice system. Within the report I will look at three pieces of research, review their main findings, the type of research that was purposed, and look to identify where I believe further research is required. My reason for choosing women in the criminal justice system is that I have expressed an provoke in the criminal justice setting and my elective module is in this area. Anything that I learn from undertaking this assignment will aid my understanding and annex my knowledge base when undertaking my second placement. Prostitution has been defined as Prostitution involves the exchange of sexual services, sometimes but by no federal agency exclusively, sexual intercourse, for some kind of reward, money, drink, drugs, a meal or a bed for the night (Shaw & Butler 1998) Anoth er simple definition offered was, prostitution is The procure and sale, involving cash payment of sex This is the preferred definition of Glasgows Street Working Women as stated in Stewart, A (2000). Historical Background ===================== Throughout the UK and internationally, the tailor of prostitution is seen as an ever-increasing problem. For the purpose of this assignment I will concentrate on the issue of prostitution within the United Kingdom. There has been a label rise in the incidence of street prostitution since the 1980s and a growth in the proportion of intravenous drug users involved in street prostitution. In Glasgow, police estimate that ar... ...emale population in Cornton Vale Prison is represented by black or ethnic minorities, (HM Inspectorate of Prisons for Scotland 2001). One Area that could use further research was highlighted in the Herald newspaper this week it has become a very worrying state that women are appare ntly being coerced into functional in illegal saunas as prostitutes. Sauna owners are buying the womens debt they then work to pay off the debt, according to retired Chief Inspector Nannette Pollock the wording that refers to these women is debt-bonded, (The Herald 1/11/02) One other area for further research could be the use of language used within the criminal justice system, terms like common prostitute could and should be removed then maybe some of the stigmatisation that these women are subjected to would also be removed.

Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay -- Ernest Hemingwa

Ernest Hemingways Hills exchangeable white ElephantsErnest Hemingways short story Hills Like White Elephants is a story about a couple who be having some trouble in their relationship. The main characters in the story are an American gentleman and a girl. The whole story is mostly a dialogue between the couple. They are trying to digest a fine time, but there is a tension between them and some kind of operation needs to be done. The operation can comfortably be done and if its going to happen it allow be done on the girl. In the story its not being said what the operation is. The second time I read it I clear that they are talking about an abortion. The man wants the girl to do the abortion while the girl is not sure.The setting of the story is well described the couple is waiting at a little train station between Barcelona and Madrid. The couple is sitting extraneous a bar at a table in the shade. (171) They are having a cold drink. It?s warm outside and the view is beau tiful, in the distance they promise white hills.The story doesn?t give rattling much information about the characters. The American man and the girl, whose name is Jig, are a couple, but they are not married. The man are probably a bit older than the girl, he is mention as an American man while Jig is near mention as the girl, the story doesn?t theorize what her nationality is. But she can?t be Spanish because she doesn?t speak Spanish. They are traveling more or less because they have bags with ?label... Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants Essay -- Ernest HemingwaErnest Hemingways Hills Like White ElephantsErnest Hemingways short story Hills Like White Elephants is a story about a couple who are having some trouble in their relationship. The main characters in the story are an American man and a girl. The whole story is mostly a dialogue between the couple. They are trying to have a fine time, but there is a tension between them and some kind of operat ion needs to be done. The operation can easily be done and if its going to happen it will be done on the girl. In the story its not being said what the operation is. The second time I read it I understand that they are talking about an abortion. The man wants the girl to do the abortion while the girl is not sure.The setting of the story is well described the couple is waiting at a little train station between Barcelona and Madrid. The couple is sitting outside a bar at a table in the shade. (171) They are having a cold drink. It?s warm outside and the view is beautiful, in the distance they see white hills.The story doesn?t give very much information about the characters. The American man and the girl, whose name is Jig, are a couple, but they are not married. The man are probably a bit older than the girl, he is mention as an American man while Jig is just mention as the girl, the story doesn?t say what her nationality is. But she can?t be Spanish because she doesn?t speak Spanish . They are traveling around because they have bags with ?label...

The Steam Engine :: essays research papers fc

In the never-ending search for energy sources, the invention of the steam cleaner railway locomotive changed the face of the earth. (Siegel, Preface) The steam engine was the head word power source during the British Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. The steam engine opened a whole new world to everyone. The steam engine maximized production, efficiency, reliability, minimized time, the amount of labor, and the usage of animals. The steam engine in all revolutionized the Eastern Hemisphere, mainly European society. What does revolutionize actually mean? It nub that something such as the steam engine brought about a radical change in something, and this something is the European Society. The steam engine specifically brought about a radical change in work, transportation of goods, and travel. The invention of the steam engine revolutionized European society by enabling tasks to be done quicker, cheaper, and more dependably. The steam engine use throughout the several prof essions revolutionized numerous aspects of Western European Society. The first important use of the steam engine came in 1776. The steam engine was used to show the Cornish miners how successful it could be in removing the water from the mineshafts. This proved to be of great importance to the Cornish, because one of their biggest problems was the flooding of the mining shafts. (The perspicacity of the Industry by Steam Power) The mine owners worriedthat the mines would have to be shut down unless water could be pumped out of the shafts. The engine successfully raised water from the bottom of deep mines. (Siegel, 17) This saved the shutting down of the mines, which were essential to further the economy. Not only did the steam engine save the mines, it provided a method of mining that proved to be extremely quicker than the traditional techniques. One of the biggest incomes for the British was found in their textile industry. In the textile industry, the domestic system presented m any problems for merchants. They had difficulty regulating standards of workmanship and maintaining schedules for completing work. Workers sometimes sold some of the yarn or cloth in their own profit. As the demand in cloth increased, merchants often had to compete with one another for the limited amount of workers available in manufacturing, which increased merchants costs. As a result, merchants off increasingly to machinery, which was powered by the steam engine, for greater production and also turned to factories for central control over their workers.

The Steam Engine :: essays research papers fc

In the never-ending search for energy sources, the invention of the move locomotive changed the face of the earth. (Siegel, Preface) The steam locomotive engine was the principal power source during the British Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. The steam engine opened a whole new public to everyone. The steam engine maximized production, efficiency, reliability, minimized time, the amount of labor, and the usage of animals. The steam engine in all revolutionized the Eastern Hemisphere, mainly European society. What does revolutionize actually suppose? It means that something such as the steam engine brought astir(predicate) a radical change in something, and this something is the European Society. The steam engine specifically brought about a radical change in work, transportation of goods, and travel. The invention of the steam engine revolutionized European society by enabling tasks to be done quicker, cheaper, and more(prenominal) dependably. The steam engine use throughout the several professions revolutionized numerous aspects of Western European Society. The first important use of the steam engine came in 1776. The steam engine was used to show the Cornish miners how successful it could be in removing the water from the mineshafts. This proved to be of great importance to the Cornish, because one of their biggest problems was the flooding of the exploit shafts. (The Penetration of the Industry by Steam Power) The mine birthers worriedthat the mines would have to be shut down unless water could be pumped out of the shafts. The engine successfully raised water from the bottom of deep mines. (Siegel, 17) This carry ond the shutting down of the mines, which were essential to further the economy. Not only did the steam engine save the mines, it provided a method of mining that proved to be extremely quicker than the traditional techniques. One of the biggest incomes for the British was found in their framework industry. In the textile indus try, the domestic system presented many problems for merchants. They had difficulty regulating standards of workmanship and maintaining schedules for completing work. Workers sometimes sold some of the yarn or cloth in their own profit. As the demand in cloth increased, merchants often had to compete with one another for the limited amount of workers available in manufacturing, which increased merchants costs. As a result, merchants turned increasingly to machinery, which was powered by the steam engine, for greater production and also turned to factories for central control over their workers.

American Dream Essay

Many people in the world have an idea about the American Dream. Some peoples American Dream is to help people who are in need to be successful in life while others may dream of making a lot of m acey. The key to the American Dream for most people is attaining that dream ruminate. However, it cant be just any job it usu eachy includes having a job where one feels successful and comes with minimal stress. It gives people determination to be their lift out. In order to figure out what job I skill stovepipe be suited for, I took the Gregorc Learning Style Inventory test, and it showed that I am a concrete random conditioner. Therefore, I enjoy establishing relationships with others, seeing possibilities, gaining ideas, and world competitive. Hence, my dream job would be to become a physical education (PE) teacher. Most people think they know what beingness a PE teacher is all about, merely some may find that the job is more involved than they realized. First of all, according to Career Cruising, a vocational website, Physical education teachers recrudesce their students about good sportsmanship, police squad reverse, personal fitness, and how to lead a healthy and active lifestyle (Physical commandment Teacher). Being a PE teacher requires knowing about students and their abilities. A physical education teacher teaches students how to keep their bodies fit through good health practices and exercise (Becoming a Physical Education Teacher). They organize games and challenges that promote physical exercise for children and young adults from kindergarten to high school. Secondly, there are many responsibilities that PE teachers have. PE teachers need to be able to adjust their curricula and to correct to children with disabilities or different physical abilities (Bold). For example, if the weather outside was effecting the activity played, the PE teacher would need to be able to change the plans by planning something inside. A nonher business that a PE t eacher has is having strong listening and speaking skills. Besides being knowledgeable about an activity, they need to be able to communicate and demonstrate the activity properly to the class. Therefore, I will be able to observe students and maintain discipline within the class. PE teachers in like manner interact with parents, other teachers and the schools administration, but it takes knowledge and education to get there.Finally, people that want to become teachers cant just graduate high school and try to become one work experience and knowledge about activities are essential keys to being asuccessful PE teacher. For instance, I have played volleyball for seven years, so I have learned a lot about how to coordinate conditioning activities, drills, games. That has provided a good foundation for me to become a PE teacher. Because of that, I would also love to coach a volleyball team while being a PE teacher. Even volunteering at the Boys/Girls Club or the YMCA would help me befo re I become a PE teacher because I would be able to interact with kids and learn how they interact with each other. I know that before becoming a PE teacher, I need to truly enjoy being around people and kids which is something that I know I already have.Its not going to be easy as pie to become a PE teacher. First of all, Going to college to study certain majors is a big part in becoming a PE teacher. I will complete a degree in health and physical education at a four- year college or university. Classes that I might have to take in order to become a PE teacher are Kinesiology, Exercise Physiology, and a Health and Wellness class (Skills Required for sprain a PE Teacher). Going to college and learning about physical health will let me have a better understanding of what I am going to teach about. Going to college will cost about seventy thousand dollars but, I am going to college on a volleyball intuition which will lower the costs. Education is the key role in becoming a PE teac her.There are many personal qualifications into becoming a teacher. A skill that I will need to have in order to become a PE teacher would be to have a ecumenic understanding of the purpose and value of physical fitness and how individuals can perform their exercises at their best. PE teachers value physical fitness and want their students to perform at their best therefor being able to communicate with students will help me understand what their bodies are capable of. Personality is a big role in being any type of teacher. Having a positive attitude throughout the day will help me cue my students to do better, which is a big key in becoming a PE teacher. On a daily basis, physical education teachers face unmotivated students and students who are living unhealthy lifestyles (Working with Students). It is my goal to motivate students and to have free rein.To me, having a relationship with my students and having fun with them is a lot more important than how much(prenominal) I wou ld get paid as a teacher. i stereotype that people have about teachers centers around how much teachers get paid. Some say it is too little while others say it is too much The national median salary of all middle and high school teachers is around $52,000 dollars a year (Physical Education Teacher). It may not seem like a lot but, its all that I need. I would also love to coach a school volleyball team and coaching a team would could help me make an additional $2,000 a year (Dodrill). Overall, the American Dream involves having a job that one loves. Even persuasion about being a PE teacher and even a coach makes me smile. The American Dream involves with making one happy. I would love to help students learn about their health and teach them new sports Having obstacles everyday will only make me a better teacher I will have to work hard in college to get this job, but working hard is something that I am up for. Having a relationship with my students and learning what I can do to bec ome a better teacher is something that I cant wait to wake up every morning to do. Having a dream job and getting to interact with students would be perfect. Getting to coach a volleyball team and have relationships with my students would make my dream job even better Having fun at a job and doing what you love is all that matters to me Being a physical education teacher and a volleyball coach for the school would be my American Dream job.Works CitedBold, Jessica. Skills Required for Become a PE Teacher. EHow. fill Media, 11 Oct. 2009. Web. 07 May 2014.Dodrill, Tara. What Do High School Coaching Jobs Pay? EHow. Demand Media, 24 July 2009. Wed. 22 May 2014 Manross, Mark. PE Central Becoming a Physical Education Teacher. PE Central Becoming a Physical Education Teacher. Executive Director, 1 Jan. 2014. Web. 07 May 2014.Physical Education Teacher. Career Cruising. Anaca Technologies. n.d. Web. 15 June 2010.Zeiger, Stacy. The Pros & Cons of Being a Physical Education Teacher. Work.Dema nd Media, 11 Nov. 2012. Web. 07 May 2014.

Evaluating Research Process Essay

Select one of the articles quiet in the workweek One Annotated Bibliography assignment. keep open a 1,400- to -1,750-word paper that evaluates the research process within your elect article.Explain the research process and what you nookie carry from the study from the following perspectivesHow is the literature follow used in this research?What are ethical considerations for info collection?What is the data telling us in terms of statistical analysis? are the findings statistically significant?Do the conclusions match the results of the study?Do the conclusions answer the research questions in the definition of the problem?Are the conclusions appropriate?Do you pee enough information to make a decision on the effectiveness of the study? If so, is it effective?Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.Starting college can be like entering an entirely sensitive world. You have more(prenominal)freedom than youve ever had before and you are in total control over your own life. This increased responsibility however can make you persuasible to some serous pitfalls. Read the following article to learn what habits to avoid in order to have a successful college career.This archive file includes HCS 465 Week 4 Evaluating Research Processwellness Care General Health CareResource Evaluating the Research Process Grading Criteria.Select one of the articles collected in the Week One Annotated Bibliography assignment.Write a 1,400- to -1,750-word paper that evaluates the research process within your chosen article.Explain the research process and what you can assume from the study from the following perspectiveA+ tutorial you will find here https//bitly.com/12BuNZyStarting college can be like entering an entirely new world. You have more freedom than youve ever had before and you are in total control over your own life. This increased responsibility however can make you susceptible to some serous pitfalls. Read the following article to learn what habits to a void in order to have a successful college career.Health Care General Health CareResource Evaluating the Research Process Grading Criteria.Select one of the articles collected in the Week One Annotated Bibliography assignment.Write a 1,400- to -1,750-word paper that evaluates the research process within your chosen article.Explain the research process and what you can assume from the study from the following perspectivesHow is the literature review used in this research?What are ethical considerations for data collection?What is the data telling us in terms of statistical analysis?Are the findings statistically significant?Do the conclusions match the results of the study?Do the conclusions answer the research questions in the definition of the problem?Are the conclusions appropriate?Do you have enough information to make a decision on the effectiveness of the study? If so, is it effective?Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Research Essay on Being Pro Abortion

Research Essay on Pro-Abortion Every woman should have the opportunity to determine if they would wish to keep their electric razor or abort it. Growing up in todays society, I find myself in an environment where kids are having kids, parents who arent cap qualified to elevation a child are having kids, and victims of sexual assault are having kids. And in most cases, the child ends up living a living that isnt as well as well. This leads to children being neglected, abused, homeless, hungry and more importantly unloved. Imagine a woman not being allowed to have an abortion.Abortions eliminate the risks of all of those tragedies happening. The trouble shouldnt be killing an egg that isnt fully yet involved into a baby. The problem should be having children but later neglecting or mistreating them to the prove where they sack upt be a happy child. Sometimes you hear parents saying, I wish I would have waited. or even worse I dont think I after part do this. For a lot of pr egnancies, they arent planned. If we dont allow for abortions to continue to be statutory that simply means we are allowing for indispose parents to have kids and by doing this we are failing our children.I was taught to eliminate a problem before it escalates or before it becomes alike late. We often hear stories about parents harming their children because the child efficacy have cried too much or whined too much. wherefore should the child have to suffer? Why should a child be harmed in the first place? We cant justify abortions not being legal. I feel that a tender-hearted is born. Until then, you should be allowed to make the decision on whether or not you want to abort your child until it is too late. Its a womens right. A stimulate can run away from his child but the mother will be there forever.The grandma might not care or the uncle might not be there but the mother will always be around. When we actually think about it, abortion isnt as notional as we make it seem. Its simply an alternative for a lifestyle that a person is trying to avoid. A person cant raise a child to their best abilities if they never wanted the child to begin with. There will never be straightforward happiness or true love for that child. This is why I take the stand for pro-abortion. Every woman should have the right to decide what they want to do with their body.With shows like 16 and large(predicate) or Teen Mom, were showed the struggles of being a teen mother but, we also notice that most of the mothers on Teen Mom are well off. Not only are they getting paid for being on the show but they have the assistance of others- most of them. But thats not the case for many teens in the real world. USA Today reported that, About 7% of teen girls got pregnant in 2006, a dictate of 71. 5 pregnancies per 1,000 teens. Thats up slightly from 69. 5 in 2005, Guttmacher says. In 1990, when rates peaked, about 12% got pregnant. USATODAY) Teen pregnancies are on the rise whether we can film the fact or not. We shouldnt be allowed to push a child into becoming a mother by eliminating abortions. Not only are we risking an unfit life for the child, we are also telling our teens that once you get pregnant having the bay is the only option when that is certainly not true. Amongst the group of teen pregnancies, we cant forget about the minority group that isnt lucky enough to get help from their parent. Prochoice states, Low-income women and women in diverse communities are more adversely affected by limited access.For example, low-income women often lack the funds necessary for an abortion, which can delay their care(prochoice). These teens have to rely on government assistance and loyal money(stripping, drug dealing, prostituting, stealing, etc). The odds are already against them for the simple fact that they are minorities, they dont have it all and they have to work harder than the next person. Having a child that they wouldnt want makes the situation worse f or both the child and the mother. Struggling to pay for an abortion beats struggling to raise a child for eighteen years.USA Today also states that, The issue here is clearly that we have a lot of teenagers who are having sex, but they arent careful enough at contraceptive method to avoid pregnancy, says Sarah Brown, executive director of the nonprofit National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, who has seen Guttmachers numbers. (USATODAY) If teens arent wise enough to practice safe sex, how can we assume that that they will be wise enough to make the right decisions when raising their child. If we become anti-abortion, were sealing the deal for teens to have kids whether they want too or not.With the issue of abortion, ones attitude toward it is going to be based on many things such as religious background and face-to-face morals. There is no black and white get along to the abortion issue. Luckily we live in a country where we are able to decide for ourselves whet her something is chastely right or wrong. Thus, ultimately, the choice is ours. As with the many other ethical issues which we are faced with in our society, it is hard to come to a concrete answer until we are personally faced with that issue.All we can do is make an effort to know all of the aspects which are involved so that we may be able to make a sound decision if we were faced with this problem in our own lives. In conclusion, it is clear that although some things are important in lay to save a life, I truly believe a woman should have the right to end the life of her unborn child if its any get to at all. Even though it is stopping a beating heart, and the baby can feel pain at 20 weeks, I feel the appliance of the irresponsible mother is WAY more important.

Modern management

If clam General wished to promote the prices of an item that was previously priced get-goer than their competitor, there argon a number of steps they should take to maintain command of the process. Perdue has eased the control of prices by building in some slack in the set system to allow for raised prices. The offset step is precontrol, in this case de considerationination of the captivate price i.e. controlling price counterchanges so that they flowerpot raise the price of the ware with away losing too many sales.This requires analysis of the price elasticity of the item in order to determine how much they buttocks raise the price. The bite step is concurrent control communication of the new price to the stores, which may hold provision of new price tags, communication through company transmit much(prenominal) as email or generated reports, etc. and monitoring by motorbuss to make sure the price changes ar implemented.The third step, of feedback control, is moni toring the price change in order to make sure that the price change did not produce to a greater extent than the accepted loss of sales as determined in step one. These steps will allow the stores to implement a higher price on a previously lower-priced product.The CEO should consider the relatively low sales at higher squargon footage stores to be a sign of a problem, not a problem in and of itself. Dollar Generals store layouts and inventory assignments are tightly controlled and optimized for maximum competency and sales. However, most of their stores are smaller stores, averaging 7,000 square feet or slight.This puts the larger stores at a injustice because they are carrying a mix of products that may not be optimal for the store size. This means that the lower sales per square foot is a symptom of a non-optimal inventory mix and layout superimposed on a larger store, not a problem in and of itself. While it should be solved, it can be solved indirectly by analyzing the inven tory and layout needs of the larger stores rather than directly tackling the lower sales.A discount retailer such as Dollar General should use all three types of control (precontrol, concurrent control and feedback control) when attempting to control shrink. Precontrol can include such measures as establishing shrink management practices, such as careful cash control and cash handling training for employees, stock handling procedures, and security, in order to prevent common anticipated problems. cooccurring control, such as monitoring of security systems and active employee observation, can prevent shrink from shoplifting and excess employee waste.Finally, feedback control in the form of incentives such as bonuses or prizes for stores with low shrink percentages can help to reinforce the precontrol and concurrent control measures taken. Control measures are most effective when all potential routes of control loss are considered and actions are taken at the appropriate level to de al with them. It would not be appropriate or effective for a manager or other controller to attempt to poor cash handling after each incident it is more effective to develop policies that mandate pedagogics employees prim cash handling beforehand. 1. Information quality is the degree to which information represents reality. Information patness is the extent to which the receipt of information allows decisions to be made in a timely manner in order to allow the business to benefit from its use. Nike is using the information gained from its information systems to determine its required inventory levels, which are dependent on the projected necessary for the product.This means that information quality is definitive because less than quality information could mean that Nike focuses its manufacturing and distribution efforts in less than optimal areas. The initial implementation of the information system generated more than $100 meg in incorrect orders due to lack of information q uality.Information timeliness is withal beta to Nike. Because the information system is tied to the manufacturing and distribution system, the timeliness of the information provided directly impacts the organizations ability to produce and distribute the appropriate inventory. If the information is not provided in a timely manner, the manufacturing and sales may appear to be reactive rather than proactive, and Nike may miss the top of their demand curve because information was provided too slowly or because the system generated orders too early.2. The security issues for Nikes sales forecasting and factory order system include automated threats such as worms, viruses etc, and internal sabotage by disgruntled employees and external breach by either hackers or industrial spies. Automated threats are a threat at any time when a system is connected to the Internet while it is less common now than in the past, viruses may also be transmitted via infected media such as CD-Rom or removab le solid-state media.Internal sabotage by disgruntled employees can also be a problem in order to mitigate this, permissions and access to the system should be handled on a minimum required grounding (each employee should be given only the permissions required to perform his or her job, and permissions should be actively managed as employees go from task to task). Outside breaches by hackers or industrial spies is a concern for Nike because they are a high-profile company in a highly competitive business, making them a tempting target for hackers to try to forgather lucrative information from their information systems.3. Currently Nike targets individual groups of consumers with games and information online that is targeted to their special interests, and provides an IM-based game for soccer fans. There are a number of other uses for the fellowship base Wide Web that could help Nike communicate with its customers. They could use online surveying techniques and online feedback f orums to enhance their merchandise strategies and improve their products and address customer complaints.They could also utilize the Web as a central platform for their marketing strategy, including running specially designed Web sites for high-profile new products, creating customer contests, games and trivia and building a Nike community slightly their sites. Nike also has opportunities to create product tie-ins based on the Web. Their IM soccer game is a prototype of a way in which games or custom-branded software can keep the Nike brand in front of their customers all the time. Streaming media allows for music and movie tie-ins delivered via the Web.Nike could also use the Web for internal purposes. For example, an employee recruiting web site could development the number and quality of their job applicants, as well as provide a prescreening facility for the HR organization. Skillful use of the Web also portrays the mountain range of a technologically savvy and forward-looki ng company, which is lively to its market viability. novel management1. Organizational resources are the prime variables that ultimately translate into the cumulative digest of production output. It can be stated that production is the final result that is instrumented by several processes that make up the basic procedure of the production unit.The term organisational resource can be enumerated as a compilation of different aspects that include variables like personnel, motivation, cost of raw tangibles, supply chain management, knowledge management, material processing and market forecast analysis. All these together ensure the success of the ultimate quality and quantity of the production along with the favorable determine per unit for the produced output.Thus it could be mentioned that the relation between the organizational resources and the production is inseparable and vital for the health of the patience. For an industry to obtain favorable conditions in the market it is necessary to formulate a strategy that would enable the organization to keep every aspect of the units involved in a well passed manner.The purchase of material would ensure that the esteem is obtained out of the purchase while the supply chain would ensure that there is no wastage of materials and the materials are presented to the processing unit in proper time. The same principals are true with the processing units too. The efficiency level of the personnel involved along with their motivation level ensures the best possible production out of the initial possesses involved.Thus it could be stated that organizational resources and production relation is vital and inseparable for any organization and the ultimate success of an organization is ensured by this relation. (Lamb, 2004)2. The aspects of managerial effectiveness and efficiency are interrelated and are highly potent if applied in a well formulated manner. Any industry survives on the potential of the strategy that is take n and implemented by the management of that industry. As a result the prime factor that should be instigated in the organizational operational activities is the proper and smooth transaction of managerial effectiveness and efficiency into an enhanced and even relationship.The relationship between managerial effectiveness and efficiency is vital for an organization because for any industry effective personnel at suitable position are a primal factor for success. A person magnate be very efficient at formulation and modeling strategy. But the same person might not be an effective administrator. That is way it becomes important to position the best person possible at position where the efficiency could be yielded at maximum. Thus relation between managerial effectiveness and efficiency becomes an object of prime concern for any organization.It can be stated that by the term managerial effectiveness it is understood as the positional utility-grade of a personnel whereas by the term ef ficiency it is reflected that the potential of the positional utility is utilized in full. To compile and relate these two important variables it is important to evaluate the human resource structure at its maximum to yield the utmost possible result. The success and failure of an organization largely depends on such a formulation and practical implementation of the human resource department at its highest extent. The managerial effectiveness and efficiency is the keystone of success and the competitive payoff of an organization is dependent on such important organizational factors or variables. (King, 2001)ReferencesKing, H (2001) Management Principals Today HBT & Brooks LtdLamb, Davis (2004) Cult to Culture The Development of refinement on the Strategic Strata National Book Trust.Modern ManagementCorporate Social Responsibility is the duty of the management of the company to ensure that the welfare of the nightclub is brought more or less along with promoting the development a nd wellbeing of the company. It is the duty of the manager to ensure that both the social interests and the organizational interests are maintained and developed (Cresto, 2006). However, at the moment, the feel regarding corporeal involvement in social responsibilities is differing. The arguments for and against social responsibility activities by the corporate could be considered.Positive outcomes for the business by performing social responsibility activities-The healthy name and the reputation of the company would be promoted as they would perform their duty of maintaining and growing the interests of the connection.As the interests of the society are improved, the social system would improve and this could also be beneficial for the corporate.The management of the corporate would be more interested in maintaining the interests of the society along with the organization. Hence, the Human resources that would be a part of the corporate would be of high quality.As the organiza tion would mutually benefit with the society, the ability of the company to grow and survive in that particular society would be higher. Hence, the corporate could move into identifying and organizing certain long-term plans. On a long-term basis, the chances of developing sustained profits would be higher if social interests are maintained.The unemployment rates in the society and the job satisfaction in the company would improve due to the economic growth felt by the corporate presence.If the consumers are a part of the society, the chances of developing and maintaining relationships with them would be higher.Negative outcomes for the business by performing social responsibility activities-According to Friedman, the chances of the management to indulge in unethical practices are higher so as to make profits that would ensure performance of social responsibilities.They could be a conflict within the management or outside the management for maintaining the goals of the organization or the goals of the society.The corporate would be spending the money of the consumers on maintaining and developing the interests of the society. This could raise the prices of the goods or services produced by the company. Consumers may prefer to purchase a product or services from a company that does not have a social benefit policy than a company that does, as the price is more likely to be less.The stakeholders of the corporate and the potential investors may not want to invest in that particular company, as they fear that they would be losing their money on social beneficial activities. The company would be using fewer resources on production (as the financial resources are spending on social interests). The production would return and the chances of having higher amounts of profit would be lowered. The companys ability to develop a stronger long-term plan would be less likely.A Multinational corporation (MNCs) is a company that has its presence felt in more than one nation a cross the World or does business at the global level. The term MNCs was utilized in the 1970s in the US. MNCs usually do not consider national barriers that would restrict business. Recently, the foreign investment in the US has improved drastically, and the chances of it improving further in the future are realistically high. The process of a company becoming a multinational occurs in stages.In the first stage, the company merely exports products to foreign nations. In the second stage, the company develops sales units in the foreign nations. In the third stage, the company would permit foreign-based companies to make and give their products and services under the main companys name. In the fourth stage, manufacturing units are set up by the company in the foreign nation. In the fifth step, the management of the company is multi-nationalized in such a way that a corporate decision in the parent company would be bear on in the foreign nations. In the last stage, the ownership of t he company is multi-nationalized.Two companies that are US-based MNCs include General Electric and IBM. General Electric had sales of $ 129, 853 one million million in the year 2001 (Listed by Forbes Global). The portion of foreign sales was about 33 % and the net profits were about $ 12, 735 million. It has $ 437, 006 million as assets and it market value is about 406, 525 million $. The enterprise value of the company is about 613, 268 million $. IBM has sales of about $ 88, 396 million in the year, and its foreign sales is about 58 % of the tot up sales. Its net profit of about $ 8, 093 million, and its total assets is about 88, 349 million $. It has a market value of about 167, 206 million dollars and the enterprise value is about 194, 097 million $ (Cresto, 2006).Two foreign investors MNCs that have invested in the US include Daimler Chrysler AG (from Germany) which is an automobile company and ING Group (from Netherlands) which offers financial services. Daimler Chrysler AG had a total revenue of 86, 071 million $ in the year 2001 in the US, and its total assets in the US was more than 82, 000 million $ in the US. The ING Group had revenue of about 14, 997 million $ in the year 2001 in the US and its net income was about 442 million US $ (Cresto, 2006).ReferencesCresto, S. C. and Cresto, S. T. (2006). Chapter 3 Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics, Modern Management, (10th ed), sassy Jersey Upper Saddle River, pp. 50-76.Cresto, S. C. and Cresto, S. T. (2006). Chapter 2 Modern Management Challenges, Modern Management, (10th ed), New Jersey Upper Saddle River, pp. 80-102.Cresto, S. C. and Cresto, S. T. (2006). Chapter 2 Modern Management Challenges, Modern Management, (10th ed), New Jersey Upper Saddle River, pp. 106-111.

Holden Caulfield in “Catcher in the Rye” Essay

Holden Caulfield, in The Catcher in the Rye, is much like the typical teen of today. Throughout the novel, Holden goes through problems that some modern teenagers can relate to. Holden is a lonely teenager who struggles to find direction in life. His actions atomic number 18 very akin(predicate) to those of teenagers today. Some important characteristics Holden shares with modern teenagers are his longing to be free and independent, his struggle surrounded by childhood and adulthood, and the fact that he is lost and does not agnize what he wants to do in life. Also, like many teenagers today, he has to deal with things such as sex, violence, and alcohol.A big problem Holden goes through is his struggle between childhood and adulthood. He is sixteen years old, which is the age when a person is almost an adult, yet still a child. A child who is innocent, supported by his parents, and is not yet ready or possesses the maturity to go out into the world and fend for himself. This st ruggle is symbolized by Holdens gray hair. This is something many teenagers locution today.Like many modern teenagers, Holden wants to be independent. He wants to make his own decisions and detain on his own. He has lived in schools most of his life, away from his parents. When Holden gets kicked out of Pencey, and he knows that his parents will find out, he decided to go back home after they do, in order for his parents to have dealt with the news. This shows how Holden does not look for help from his parents. He wants to deal with the problem himself by applying himself his next year in school. Another example of Holdens need to be independent is when he suggests to Sally that they go away somewhere and live together.On page 132, Holden says How would you like to get the hell out of here? Heres my idea. I know this ridicule down in Greenwich Village that we can borrow his car for a couple of weeks. He used to go to the same school I did and he still owes me ten bucks. What we c ould do is, tomorrow morning we could drive up to Massachusetts and Vermont, and all around there, see. Its beautiful as hell up there. It really is.Well stay in these cabin camps and stuff like that till the dough runs out. Then, when the dough runs out, I could get a job somewhere and we could live somewhere with a brook and all and, later on, we could get married or something. I could chop all our own wood in the wintertime andall. Holden longs to go away and be independent.Like teenagers today, H old had to deal with alcohol, sex, and violence. Like any male teenager today, Holden thinks about sex. He wants to experience it and says that he had had many opportunities to do so, although he never had sex. Holden, wanting comfort and affection, invites a prostitute to his room, but never has sex with her.A big problem among teenagers nowadays is violence. This is a problem that is very difficult to solve and sometimes cannot be avoided. There are times in the novel when Holden fac es violence, like when he gets in a fight with Stradlater.Throughout the novel, Holden turns to alcohol when he gets depressed. He obtains it very easily, and gets drunk at one point. This occurs frequently among teenagers today. They feel that alcohol will make them older and give them maturity.These are the ways in which Holden is very similar to the typical teenager of today. His characteristics, feelings, and actions are those that many teenagers can relate to. Problems that Holden deals with throughout the novel are problems that many teenagers face in their everyday lives. Feelings that Holden has are like those of modern teenagers, who are in many ways, just like Holden.

Locke and Hobbes on Revolution

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) and John Locke (1632-1706) belonged to the same generation of philosophers. However, both philosophers viewed side of meat Revolution differently. Hobbes had experienced the English Revolution as a time of brutality. Thence, the philosopher compared the revolution to what he referred to as the state of nature (or, a state of primitiveness).This state was ruthless and uncouth. Hobbes believed that revolutions were similarly a negative state, and in order to guard itself against the malice of revolutions, society needed a strong king and strict g everywherenance, somewhat akin to the Panopticon state of Michel Foucault. Locke, on the other hand, lauded the supposition of revolution as a necessity during times of government activityal disturbance. In other words, the philosopher with a good view of revolution believed in dismantling the government if it does not work (Locke and Hobbes).Sharp (2006) explains the difference between Lockes and Hobbes viewpoints on revolution thusAt least part of the difference between Hobbes and Locke back be attributed to theirhistorical circumstances. Hobbes witnessed the English Civil War, which destroyed everyopportunity for happiness for many people. His all-powerful state must take a leak seemed like thelesser of two evils, since it would at least be stable and life would not devolve into anarchy. Locke, however, witnessed the Glorious Revolution, where the government was fucklychanged without bloodshed.For him, revolution must not have seemed like such a terriblething. Most likely, both views are too extreme. Revolution is ordinarily a costly endeavor, sincethose in power seldom relinquish it willingly. However, the possibility or revolution is a key part of maintaining rights, since an all-powerful government could suppress our rights withoutfear of repercussion.Hobbes, being senior to Locke in hop on and experience, had apparently seen a bloody war that Locke had not been a witness of. Thus , the views of the philosophers differed with respect to the English Revolution. Had Locke also lived through the English Civil War, he faculty have been bitter about the idea of revolution as well. Nevertheless, it is crucial to note that both philosophers believed in human rights. Locke was not a violent agitator. Furthermore, it is free that his philosophy on revolution was written with ultimate peace in mind.Locke wrote about abuse of power by the government as a former for a revolution. In order to serve justice, he considered it ethical for citizens to fight for their rights, even if they must fight the government for the same agreement. In Lockes view, revolution was a necessity at times of governmental corruption and dissidence. Besides, in the perspective of the philosopher, the people could be trusted to make decisions as regards civil rights. The important matter to consider remained, however, that people could achieve restoration of their rights via a revolution (K emerling, 2000).Lockes philosophy on revolution makes the kinds of allowances for the common people that Hobbes philosophy does not allow for. In the latters view, revolutions are bad because they lead to bloodshed. So therefore, governments should be strong enough to rule the people without letting them evince their agitation in any form whatsoever.Lockes philosophy can debate with Hobbes view quite simply by claiming that the victims of bloodshed are usually the common people and if they are the ones taking responsibility for a revolution, they are the ones also responsible for guarding their safety at all costs during a revolution. Governments that campaign to quell public rebellion through military violence are bad in any case. Hence, the public is right in demolishing such governments. At the same time, the public must protect itself from the agitation of the government during a revolution.Thus Lockes philosophy of revolution allows for public liberty inappropriate Hobbes ph ilosophy, which is similar to the Panopticon. Michel Foucaults (1995) Panopticism begins with a detailed description of the measures to be taken against a seventeenth century plague.The government was meant to exercise absolute control over all citizens during such time, as spaces were to be partitioned and houses were to be closed off. Stray animals were to be killed, and human beings were to be advised that they could only leave town if they wanted to be killed too. Moreover, guards were to be put on duty to keep a constant eye on the people. Every guard was to be informed that if he leaves the street, he will be condemned to death.The government aimed to progress to a pure and disciplined association through these orders. What is more, as Foucault points out, it was a political dream to create such an obedient community, even for a brief period of time. Such an obedient community happens to be a model for other communities and other times. This plagued community was further ma rked bystrict divisions not laws transgressed, but the penetration of regulation into even thesmallest details of everyday life through the mediation of the complete hierarchy that assuredthe capillary functioning of power not masks that were put on and taken off, but theassignment to each individual of his true name, his true place, his true body, his truedisease. The plague as a form, at once real and imaginary, of disorder had as its medical andpolitical correlative discipline. Behind the disciplinary mechanisms can be read the unrelentingmemory of contagions, of the plague, of rebellions, crimes, vagabondage, desertions, peoplewho appear and disappear, live and die in disorder.The Panopticon state is the literal embodiment of Hobbes philosophy of government. Totally unlike Lockes state of freedom, which is fitting to democracy in present times, Hobbes is a restrictive state with police control at best. From these two differing philosophies of government arise two dissimilar, d efining concepts of revolution. multitude through history have found it difficult to believe in both at the same time. To answer their concerns, both Hobbes and Locke advise their readers and thinkers to use their reason in changing or adopting a form of government (Sharp).ReferencesFocault, Michel. (1995). Panopticism. Retrieved 20 May 2007, fromc.Kemerling, Garth. (2000). Locke Social Order. Philosophy Pages. Retrieved 20 May 2007, fromhttp//www.philosophypages.com/hy/4n.htm.Locke and Hobbes, Two Contrasting Views of the English Revolution. Retrieved 20 May 2007,from http//www.iun.edu/hisdcl/h114_2002/Locke%20and%20Hobbes.htm.Sharp, Robert. (2006, September 5). Hobbes Vs. Locks A Question of Rights. Retrieved 20 May2007, from http//philosophy.suite101.com/article.cfm/hobbes_vs__locke.

Is the United States a melting pot or pluralist society? Essay

The melting pot is usually referred to homogenous groups living unitedly in a way that their cultures and religions are mixed together as ingredients in a pot and lose their dinstict identities to a certain degree heavy(p) a final product that has a unique tanginess and consistency completely different from its original ingredients. Pluralism does not create a different final product. It is more like a salad bowl where the different ingredients i. e. cultures and ethinicties view as their uniqueness and flavor.Pluralism accepts and affirm diversity of faiths, ideas, opinions of people. Factors such as Globalization, the internet, television, politics and schools have turned US into a melting pot with ethnicities and differences dying out and giving birth to a new breed of Americans. High levels of Immigration by Asians, Non-white Hispanics and Blacks have transformed United Stated from being a majority of European descendent English speaking Americans.California, Texas, Florida a nd New York have the most immigrants. The melting pot phenomenon also includes an intermarriage of ethnicities. The children of racial and ethnic intermarriages acquire different languages and make up different social, religious and economic backgrounds. These marriages are most common in European descendent groups. The most common are between Whites and Asians, Whites and Hispanics and Whites and African Americans. This is the primary(prenominal) sign of assimilation.It is advantageous for the United States to maintain its melting pot status. There is nothing wrong with giving opportunities and a better way of look to life to people belonging to different countries, races and religions. This will lead to a more patriotic and nationalist society.References Melting pot. (2007, May 4). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 0831, May 4, 2007, from http//en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Melting_pot&oldid=128132858.

A Knight’s Tale Essay

One important image in the motion-picture show A cavalrys account enjoin by Brian Helgeland is William Thatcher. William helped me understand the idea of following your dreams. William dreams of wiz day congruous a knight. He grew up in a place called Cheapside London with his father John Thatcher until he was sent give awayside to pret final stage for Sir Ector. Sir Ector said that he had a spirit. When Sir Ector died, William thought that he could change his stars at that point so he leaninged in his place. He then decided that with some training he could win bills to feed all his fri block ups.As he did this he followed his dream of becoming a Knight. One ocular proficiency used to help me see that William is important is tight up. Brian uses a close up in the first rock when William says I puzzle waited my whole life for this moment. This raises me that he has followed his dreams and he is doing what he has wanted to do his whole life. An opposite technique used i n this film is lighting. This technique is effective to show he is an important character because he is never in the shadows.William is al representations dolled up in light clothing and has fair hair giving the impression that he was a replete(p) person, unlike Adhemar who always wore darker clothes and was much in the shadows than William. An example of this is when William was in the jail room and Adhemar walked in, William was rest in the only light in the room and Adhemar was in the shadows. In conclusion, the character of William Thatcher was important because he teaches us to follow our dreams no matter how big they be and that anything is possible. The techniques that helped me to understand this idea were lighting and close ups.A Knights Tale EssayIn the movie A Knights Tale the principal(prenominal) character William Thatcher has dreamed of being a Knight ever sense he was a boy. The one overlying problem this tale is that A man cant change his stars, other sensible saying that William was not born of noble birth. This story takes place in the middle ages where to compete in contestationing tour get a linents you had to be born of noble birth. William overcomes this with his hard work, his loyalty and perseverance. In the beginning of the movie, William is only a dude to a Knight. He helps tend to Sir Olrick Vonlictensteins needs and wants. only when soon he dies and with no other way to conk money decides that he should step up and joust for him under his name. William ends up winning his joust and gets the gold needed for him and the other squires. After the first win he convinces his squires that they could keep doing this at other tournaments to make money for themselves. So after a long debate and a tiny struggle they decide to help train William. There is a scene in the movie that shows them all work together to help train William to become a give way knight.This shows his hard working ethic because tear down though what they are doing is quite trying, he still manages to pull through and become sucsessful. After they have won theyve first tournament William had damaged his armor in the joust. As they make it to the next joust they dont have enough money to fix his armor so he has to joust with his damaged armor on. Even though his arms are almost immoveable because of the damage he still takes the risk to joust so that he can win more gold for them to get new armor made.This shows his willingness to work harder to make the money he needs to fix his armor. Near the end of the movie in his last joust he is against his enemy, Count Adimar. Count Adimar was using pointed lances and ends up injure William by showing a pointed lance deep in his shoulder. But through his hard work he choose to take all of his armor polish off and joust, putting himself at swell risk. But in the end he ends up knocking Count Adimar off of his horse and winning the joust. William showed his perserveence when he was following his dream of becoming a knight.When his Knight died at the beginning of the movie he ricked everything when he stepped in as a knight. If he were to get caught he would have suffered great consequences. By doing this I believe he showed his perseverance to purse his dreams. William shows his perseverance when, even after he is injured plot jousting he chooses to take off all of his armor to joust even though it is a great risk to himself. This shows that William is persevering because he takes the risk of injuring or killing himself to defeat Count Adimar and achieve his dream.He is also persevering when, as a young boy his father sent him away to be a squire. Even sense William was a boy he was working towards becoming a knight by getting as close to the lifestyle as he could. Through come forward the movie William shows a lot of loyalty to him men. This helped him to achieve his dream very much so. When Jeff, his announcer and the man who helped him forge documents to make him come out of the closet to be of noble birth, gambles and looses, William had to pay to get him free.If it were not for William and his loyalty to him men he would have been spare of his clothes, beaten and been paraded around the village, nevertheless William pays his debt for him to get him free. He also showed his loyalty when his girlfriend tells him that in exhibition for him to prove his love for her she must loose the joust. So he takes a brutal beating for her by deliberately loosing and hurting himself in the process. But then after she has seen enough, she tells him that if he really did love her than he would win all of his tournaments.So even after he had fallen so far stub for her in the tournament he strives to win for her and ends up doing so. This proves his loyalty to her because he is willing to even bring out himself for her. His loyalty is also shown when the Prince of Wales is jousting and everyone else is withdrawing because he is of royal blood and is technica lly not allowed to joust in tournaments, only when William still jousts him because he realizes they are both in the same boat. They both want to be jousting, but they are both now allowed to do so according to their birthrights.In the end of the movie, after everyone finds out about William, knowing that he isnt born of noble birth he is cast out and let out to be stoned. The Prince of Wales Knights him because of his loyalty. He says, even if I were not to have known you well, I could tell you were a good men because of how loyal your friends are to you. But I would know better now wouldnt I? Because even when you knew who I was you still jousted with me and that is knightly too. In the end William ends up changing his stars and becomes the knight he has always wanted to be.In this movie point of keep an eye on played a great roll. If we wouldnt have had the flashbacks of William and his childhood we wouldnt have know the learning of his want to be a knight. We also wouldnt hav e known that his father has sent him off as a boy to become a squire, which also helped in leading him to his dream of becoming a knight. If we didnt have the various points of view that a movie can deliver to us this movie would have been flat and would have lost some of its meaning. The point of view gives this movie depth.A Knights Tale EssayDescribe a character or single(a) in the text whom you give interesting. Explain how the director used oral/or visual features to make the character or individual interesting to you.An interesting character or individual in the film A Knights Tale (2001) directed by Brian Helgeland is (Sir) William Thatcher. William is interesting because he is not a typical peasant, he has much more grounds and ambition than normal peasants. Helgeland uses oral and visual features to support the points that make William interesting. He uses lots of close-ups and high-angle shots when needed to show Williams enthusiasm and leadership towards what he does.F irst, William is interesting because he is a brave character and is motivated by ambition. William first starts to bravery when Sir Ector dies, he declares Ill ride in his place. When the director has a close-up on Williams face, he shows the determination and drive that William feels. It is his desire to rise above is position in the social status, he makes his decision, We are the champions. Helgeland choses this dialogue to show that William is different from most peasants and that makes him an individual.Another interesting part about Williamss character is that for most of the film he is someone who he is not, Sir Ector and Sir Ulrich Von Lichtenstein. This brings tension into the audience. The audience thinks when will his true personal identity be revealed? When William shows up to the jousting match as Sir Ulrich, the spectators of the match think of him as anybody. But through on the matches, he turns into a celebrity. William was unbeatable in the sport of jousting. It wa s difficult for William to hide the fact that his real name was not Sir Ulrich von Lichtenstein.Finally, Williams tone and oral features are strong, powerful and brave for a peasant. He is rightful(a) up with what he says and is a good leader to others. Helgeland uses great visual techniques for William, in the beginning of the film William is an untidy, poor, unshaved, immature, he had dread locked hair and dirty clothes. In the middle of the film, he is cleaner he is more clean and tidy he is properly shaved, strong, healthy, excited, calm, supportive and enthusiastic person. His looks change, his attitude changes and he becomes a little responsible.In conclusion, William is an interesting, enthusiastic and brave guy, he is also a great leader. He is motivated by ambition. Is also unbeatable in the sport of jousting. Helgeland uses oral and visual features to support the points that make William interesting. William is a region model for the people in society today.

Rene Descates and John Locke Essay

John Locke were two philosophers of the 17th century. Descartes was a rationalist in the way that he suasion and wrote about. A rationalist used reasoning to gain knowledge. John Locke on the other hand, was an empiricist in the way he philosophized and taught. An empiricist used senses and experiences. These philosophers, being a rationalist and empiricist, were very assorted in the way they byword life and knowledge, still they had some similarities as well in the way that they thought.Being of two different groups of philosophers, the rationalists and empiricists, John Locke and Rene Descartes were very different in the beliefs they had however, as different as they may be at that place were some similarities that were shared by both(prenominal) of these seventeenth century philosophers. First and most importantly, the biggest similarity that they shared was the fact that they were not skeptics. In other words, they both believed knowledge can be gained by forgivings. In addition, both of them separated the judgment and the body to be two different things or concepts of a breathing being.For Descartes, mind was for thinking and reasoning and body was just matter or eye. For Locke mind was used for notice or self-examination of oneself and the body was used for getting knowledge through and through its senses. For example, Locke says it is past doubt that manpower fork over in their minds several ideas. This is an example of how he says and believes the mind works in a human being and gives those ideas which are in the long run reflections. Descartes when he begins to write first states that he is going to doubt everything and indeedce search for the truth. He first establishes himself.He writes I could imagine I had no body, and that there was no world nor or any place that I occupied, but that I could not imagine for a moment that I did not exist. This is where he starts to identify his self. He goes on to say the very long-familiar phra se I think hence I am. This is the first truth he presents. He elegant much says that he exists. Then he goes on to identify other truths that he finds. He ultimately finds the biggest truth and says that there is a beau ideal that exists. He says the God is almighty, exclusively knowing and perfect in every way.Upon stating the existence of God he says that everything we and do are true. In his writing, he states this when he says that all those things which we conceived very clearly and very distinctly are true, is known to be true only because God exists and he goes on to say that this is true because everything we have comes from God and that he cannot be wrong. The reason as to why Descartes writes this is to get multitude to understand one thing. That people are a thinking substance and that because we are thinking we have the ability to reason.He says that we should never allow ourselves to be convinced leave out on the evidence of our reason. This is how Descartes vi ews self it is a living substance that has the ability to reason and think and therefore it should. John Lockes first words on his paper Of Ideas in general, and their Original is Idea is the objective lens of thinking. This statement is a perfect way to summarize what Locke believes. Locke in his writing writes about how all ideas then come from experience. He then goes on to describe that there are two ways of achieving experience. wizard of them is reflection or self-examination and the other is through your senses. Locke uses these two concepts of experience to ultimately describe what he feels self is. He understands self not to be a reasoning body, but a light paper. In other words, people are not born knowing anything. They acquire knowledge through the experiences that they go through in life. For example, a person when born does not know that fire is hot, but if he tries to touch it and gets burned he will have learned that it is hot. This is one example of how Locke see s people molding themselves to be who they are.He says Men are differently furnished with these, according to the different objects they conversation with. This essentially summarizes the meaning of the fire example. In addition, he writes These, when we have taken a full survey of them, and their several modes, combinations, and relations He implies that our minds start to take these experiences and make them into ideas and then combine ideas to make larger ideas and so on. All in all, John Locke regards the self to be born and be like a blank piece of paper and when grown he expects it to be a byproduct of its experiences.In fine, both of these writers had similarities even though they were part of two very different groups of philosophers. They had similarities such as, the fact that they were skeptics and that they separated the mind and body and these were the places where they found the most disagreement. In other words, they both believed knowledge was attainable but disa greed how and they both believed mind and body were different, but had different duties for them. Both these writers, even though they are very different, have made huge impacts in the field of philosophy and in life in general.

Future of Educational Finance Essay

Gary Marx telld identifying, monitoring and considering the implications of trends is one of the most basic processes for creating the future (St scourson, 2010 p. 1). The world of didactics is forever changing at a pace that gets much than rapid as the twelvemonths go on. The decisions made in the past(a) discombobulate laid the foundation of education today, as pull up s usurps fresh metamorphoses affect the future. Programs such as choice instructing and No fry left field fucking go away involve aim reenforcement. Rulings such as the Lemon demonstrate and separation of church and claim bequeath impact decisions that can potenti all toldy guide in litigation and tourist court rulings dictating educational decisions.In his bet regarding educational trends, Kenneth Stevenson (2010) deferd, a continuing recession, escalating political polarization, rising racial/ethnic tensions, a growing topic debt, and a widening divide between the suck ups and the fall i n nots portend a future fraught with scarce challenges to and clashes over the form and substance of prevalent education in America (p.1). Analysis of the Lemon TestThe Lemon Test was created by Chief Justice Warren Berger as a result of the court case Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) and is establish on the principles demesned in Everson v. Board of reproduction. The case of Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) center on on Rhode Islands Salary Supplement mold. This act approved a salary supplement of up to fifteen portion for teachers who taught secular subjects in common soldier religious civilizes or non- human race elementary schooltimes. The courts determined that most twenty-five pct of Rhode Islands bookmans attended non-public schools. Further much, ninety-five percent of the parochial schools were Roman Catholic. Pennsylvania offered a similar program that reimbursed non-public schools for expenses related to secular education and collectd schools to account for the expenses separ ately.Approximately twenty percent of Pennsylvanias electric razorren attended non-public schools and ninety-six percent of the schools had a religious affiliation. The high courts looked at its testify precedents and determined that, in orderfor a law to be in compliance with the Establishment article it, must ingest a secular legislative purpose second, its principal or primary consummation must be one that neither advances nor inhibits trust finally, the statute must not foster an prof drug abuse disposal entanglement with religion (Barnes, 2010, p. 2-3). The Lemon test was created to, determine when a law has the effect of registering religion (The Basics, 2014, p. 3). The court applied the Lemon test to the Pennsylvania and Rhode Island supplemental reenforcement programs and deemed that the programs in some(prenominal) pronounces were unconstitutional (The Lemon Test, 2009). Both programs met the first requirement of the Lemon test as they had a secular purpose.How ever, the court determined that it was unclear if the programs met the second set of criteria as while the aid was intended for secular use, it was not entirely secular in effect (The Lemon Test, 2009, p. 1). The court decided that it did not need to establish if the programs met the second jump of the Lemon test as they failed to abut the terce criterion as both programs excessively entangling state administrators with the operations of parochial schools (The Lemon Test, 2009, p. 1). The Lemon test has become an extremely authoritative legal doctrine, governing not only cases involving brass funding of religious institutions but also cases in which the government promoted religious messages. Over the eld, however, many a(prenominal) justices pay criticized the test because the court has often applied it to require a strict separation between church and state (The Lemon Test, 2009, p. 1).The test has been the foundation for many of the courts ruling regarding the establishme nt clause since 1971. The choiceThe idea of vouchers for education was first introduced in early 1950 in a move to privatize education. In that same year, as a result of Brown v. Board of Education, the southern states put the first voucher program into action as a way to enable white students of all income levels to attend the segregation academies and continue receiving a publicly-funded, all white education (Save our Schools NJ, 2014). In 1989, Wisconsins more modern voucher programs, localiseed on poor children of all races. (Save our Schools NJ, 2014). Regardless of the nature of the voucher program, the impact is the same- tax revenuepayer funds existence diverted from public school funding. In 2002, the Supreme Court ruling of the case of Zelman V. Simmons-Harris tell that it was not a violation of the Establishment article to provide cognitions for some students to attend secluded or parochial schools.This ruling had a subsequent impact on the development of S1872, als o known as the Opportunity apprehension Act. This act allowed for vouchers to go to clannish or religious schools. Changes from S1872 resulted in an almost $1 billion dollar revenue loss for school funding by the end of its fifth year (NJEA, 2011). In addition to the government revenue lost, a 100% tax quote is go badn to companies who donate to these funds thus losing additional revenue. The children given these scholarship vouchers argon children from targeted failing school areas, which then result in that already failing district to hurt additional weighted funding for those children. Shifting a relegateful of students from a public school into snobby schools will not decrease what the public school must pay for teachers and facilities, but funding for those be will decrease as students leave (NCSL, 2014). A study by the American Federation of Teachers in 2011 looked at the revenue lost in several states as a result of money being diverted to voucher programs. In most c ases, these programs obtained funding by either increasing taxes or by reducing state aid to local school districts. Both the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program and the Cleveland Scholarship and Tutoring Program did just that.The Milwaukee program, in 2009, cost taxpayers roughly $130 million and the Cleveland program reduced disfavor Pupil Impact Aid to the Cleveland public schools by $11,901,887 in 2007 (American Federation of Teachers, 2011). One of the most profound issues with voucher programs is the fact that they do not have the same monitoring and regulations as public schools in order to obtain funding. Perhaps the biggest critique of market-based reforms, such as school choice and performance based accountability is that they will further exacerbate inequalities in education (Fusarelli and Young, 2011, p. 92). Not all program funding is distributed in the programs based on poverty. Parents of special education students are not guaranteed special education services. In ad dition, many programs are not monitored for the way they appropriate money. When a review of the Arizona tax credit programs was conducted, it was discovered that almost two-thirds of all voucher organizations kept more funds for overhead than allowed under state law (AFT, 2011, p. 7).Per student revenue that local districts lose tothese programs is not guaranteed to be 100% applied to the students go to the private school. In 2011, the U.S. Department of Education had a budget cut of $5 billion (The Education Trust, n.d.). In 2013-2014, over 35 states are providing less funding per students, more than 10% in xiv of them. (Leachman & Mai, 2014). With decreasing numbers such as these, voucher programs only continue to threaten to take peculiar(a) funding away from local districts. Continued funding cuts will have an impact on the economical future of our country. As stated by Brimley et al. the more education provided, the more wealth developed the more wealth created, the more f unds on tap(predicate) for investment the more investment undertaken, the more wealth available for investment in physical and human capital (Brimley et al., 2012, p. 3). The Impact of No churl left fucking (NCLB)The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) is the largest federal funding program in the archives of the linked landed estates. No Child Left Behind is a, reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), which originated in 1965 as part of the War on Poverty (Braden and Schroeder, n.d., p. 1). While NCLB provides additional funding from the federal government it also imposes mandates that states must hail. The supplementary funding provided under the No Child Left Behind Act is not necessarily enough for states to meet the standards required by the act. The main focus of NCLB is Title I funding which the federal government allocates to states to help provide an education to economically disadvantaged students. No Child Left Behind includes eigh t otherwise forms of Title funding such as school safety, teacher quality, assessments, and American Indian education (Braden and Schroeder, n.d., p. 1).Title I funds are the most important part of No Child Left Behind as the majority of the funds are earmarked for Title I purposes and Title I funding holds states accountable for student achievement as evidenced on state assessments. The move towards holding states accountable for student achievement began prior to the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. well-nigh states included accountability in their education reform acts during the 1990s (Ladd, 2001). By the year 2001, the same year as NCLB, more than forty states published a school report card, more than half had some type of school achievement rating, and numerous states offered assistance or sanctions to schools with low studentperformance (Meyer, Orlofsky, Skinner, & Spicer, 2002). In January of 2002, No Child Left Behind was signed into law and for the first m in history t he federal government was involved in, setting broad parameters, implementation timelines, and sanctions for state accountability systems (Duncombe, Lukemeyer, &Yinger, 2006, p. 1). States began to implement NCLB in 2002 during a time of monetary difficulties. This created c formerlyrns based on the cost involved in funding a program of its magnitude as well as questions regarding the extent to which the NCLB program was funded.Most estimates concerning the cost of implementing the program were far from accurate. This prompted states, such as Connecticut and Utah, to touch legislation which allowed them to either bring down the parts of NCLB that required funding from the state or sue the federal government for a neglect of funding (Duncombe et al., 2006). While NCLB involves many federal education programs, the acts requirements in regards to school rectifyment, accountability, and testing are a priority. No Child Left Behind required states to test students in grades lead d one eight yearly in math and reading. Students in grades ten through twelve must be tested once. In addition students must be tested in science once in grades three through five, six through eight, and tenth-twelfth. In addition, states, school districts and undivided schools are to publicly report test results in the aggregate and for specialized student subgroups, including low-income students, students with disabilities, English language learners, and major racial and ethnic groups (New America Foundation, 2014).Another requirement of NCLB is that all teachers must be highly qualified. Teachers must pass a licensure exam and be certified by the state they teach in. Teachers who teach a specific subject area must demonstrate their subject fellowship by passing the subject knowledge portion of the licensure exam. NCLB specifies that states develop a plan to ensure that low-income and minority students are not taught by teachers who are not highly qualified at higher rates than a re non-minority and low-income students (New America Foundation, 2014). In addition, NCLB give parents and guardians the right to know the qualification of their childs teacher and if their child is receiving mastery from a paraprofessional and if so the qualifications of that individual. NCLB requires that school districts notify parents in writing if their child will receive instruction from a teacher who is not highlyqualified for longer than four weeks (New America Foundation, 2014). No Child Left Behind stated that all school districts in the coupled States were to guarantee that each child enrolled in their district would score proficient in the states reading and math assessments by 2014. Each state was given the freedom to define what grade level proficiency meant in regards to their state standards.NCLB required that schools fox adequate yearly progress (AYP) towards achieving their goal. Proficiency rates increased yearly up to 2014 and individual states were allowed to choose their rate of increase. In order for a state to make AYP they must meet their goal for student achievement in reading and math every year (New America Foundation, 2014). xliii states, Washington D.C., Puerto Rico, a group of California school districts as well as the Bureau of Indian Education applied for waivers exempting them from being required to meet their targets and other requirements of NCLB from the Department of Education. In kinsfolk of 2011, chairwoman Obama and Arne Duncan, Secretary of Education, announced that the Obama administration, would allow states to request flexibility in meeting some of the requirements under NCLB in the absence of the laws reauthorization (New America Foundation, 2014). For a state to qualify to receive flexibility through a waiver, the state needs to show they have adopted or will implement reforms to their, schoolman standards, student assessments, and accountability systems for schools and educators (New America Foundation, 201 4).According to No Child Left Behind schools that do not make AYP for two consecutive years will be identified for school improvement, and will have to create a school improvement plan (SIP), and apply a minimum of ten percent of their federal Title I funds to professional development. Schools that do not make AYP for a third year will be under corrective action, and will be required to apply interventions to improve school performance, from a list specified in the legislation (New America Foundation, 2014). If a school fails to make AYP for a fourth year they will be, identified for restructuring which requires more significant interventions (New America Foundation, 2014).If a school fails to make AYP for a fifth year, they must implement a restructuring plan that includes reconstituting school staff and/or leadership, changing the schools governance arrangement, converting the school to a charter, turning it over to a private management company, or some other major variety show( New America Foundation, 2014). Specific school districts that have a high percentage of schools that fail to make average yearly progress for multiple years could be, identified for school improvement, corrective action, and restructuring (New America Foundation, 2014).The Future of Church-State RelationsAs religion continues to hold baffle on the American culture the U.S. judicial system remains the authority for interpreting the constitutionality of matters of religion. The separation of church and state comes as a result of America not having an established religion for all of the residents to follow the people were given freedom of religion. According to Thomas Jefferson, God is acknowledged as the creator of gentleman and government is not a divine organization in that locationfore it is the responsibility of the citizens to oversee the institution of government. In 1791 the government discontinued support or promotion of any religion. The decisions made so long past contin ue to greatly impact organizations such as schools today. In the classroom teachers are held accountable to the state that they will remain neutral on the subject of religion while on school effort (The Boisi Center, n.d.). Cases such as Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v Nyquist (1973) and Mueller v Allen (1983) have kept the courts busy on the subject of funding religion in the educational system (Pew seek Center, 2008).The Free Exercise Clause permits students to practice their faith privately on campus as long as it does not cause disruptions to the academic day and students are not being persuaded to follow his/her beliefs. School vouchers and tax credits that were distributed from 1983-2002 were considered constitutional under the Establishment Clause as they approved a parents choice to have their child attend a religious school. The courts accepted these practices because they did not show mark to persuade on the side of religion (The Boisi Center, n.d .). During this time all over the country courts were hearing cases to compare the allowance of vouchers to religious organizations as they felt it went against the separation of church-state. In some states courts ruled that vouchers could only be used for parents that insufficiencyed to move their child to a higher performing public school so that private religious schools did not receive state education funds. Now and in the future the United Stateswill continue to permit religious liberty to the people, the government will not be accountable nor will it dictate ones religious practices (The Boisi Center, n.d.).With the increased cases that continue to build against religion in schools and educational funding to religious private schools it is predicted that the future of church-state relations in educational funding will give more authority to the state education departments on the placement of funds. The state will seek more work of religious private schools, as the voucher program seems to be here to stay. The state is going to want more control of curriculum if they will be providing financial support (Pardini, 1999). task credit programs are also popular and seem to offer a compromise of church-state relations. Tax credits provide financial support to families that choose to place their child in private schools. As time progresses state government will advocate for an increase in charter schools, this will allow for state funds in the form of vouchers and tax credits to support schools that do not have a religious focus (Pardini, 1999). This battle will continue until a decision is made by the U.S. Supreme Court on the constitutionality of the Blaine Amendments. These amendments were established in 1875 to disallow states to financially support private schools that teach religion. At this time there are approximately thirty states that incorporate Blaine language in their constitution, which disrupts the success of vouchers being used by parents th at wish to relocate their child to a higher performing and/or religious private school (DeForrest, 2003).Future Trends in Court Decisions and Power over Educational Financing The courts have had a hand in education dating back to the creation of the United States Constitution. Although there was no specific suggest in the Constitution as to who was responsible, who carried the power in terms of financing education, education was valued in the early days, and many early settlers used the Bible to teach the young to read. As time went on people challenged the use of teaching the Bible in Public Schools. People used the First Amendment of the United States Constitution to argue about the intermingling of church and state and the use of direct government support for parochial, and private schools (Brimley, Verstegen, & Garfield, 2012). The courts found themselves hearing cases of people challenging the use of government funds in schools other than public schools and, in the case of Pie rce v. Society of Sisters(268 U.S. 510-1925), the courts ruled for using public funds for church-related schools. Because of this ruling financing public schools has seen some great changes, and will continue to see changes.This court ruling could potentially change the makeup and the system of education in the United States. States will implement more stringent guidelines as to what they expect from schools in regards to performance standards since they are the ones providing the funds. These guidelines are the result of schools continuing to fail to meet state requirements, running low on funds due decreased income from property taxes, or the need for states take over more schools or shut them down, To date there has not been a proven order that will solve the problems of educational financing. Politics have a large influence in financing education. This was evident during the Bush administration, when money went into funding Laura Bushs library after other school programs were c ut. For nearly forty years the constitutionality of the way schools are financed has been scrutinized.There have been one hundred thirty-nine lawsuits in forty-five states promoting finance reform after the ruling of Serrano v. Priest (Education Next, 2010). The states are required by their individual state constitutions to provide an adequate education to all students. Currently there is no consequence to the challenges of financing public schools so that all individuals feel like they are being treated equally. The debates and challenges have been going on for decades and will continue for years to come. Responsibility is placed on the states to ensure that their State Constitution requirements are being met and to provide funding for local schools.ConclusionAs previously stated education as it is known today continues to change at a rapid rate and will continue to change forever as the world that we all reside in is ever changing. engine room has had a major influence on educat ion, and the world in general. If students are not being taught to use technology, and not being taught adequate math, science, and communication skills, the United States will continue to lose its superiority to other countries (A Nation at Risk, 1983). In order for the United States to keep up with the competitive commerce, todays students need to be pushed a little more to achieve more and not just be satisfied with mediocrity. There was a time when funding private and/or parochialschools was not even an issue, as it was clearly understood that government monies was allocated for public schools.As time went on, needs changed, be it individual needs such as students with disabilities, or families of low income. With these needs came reasons to challenge the norm. Attorneys were contracted, and the status quo was challenged. Nobody could have predicted the changes that would happen nor is it possible to predict the future from today. It is impossible to guess the future of financin g education because no one knows what the needs will be in fifteen to twenty-five years from now. It is crucial that past rulings be thoroughly examined to assist with preparing for future financial direction, although that is not the magic solution.ReferencesA Nation At Risk The Imperative For Educational Reform (1983). American Federation of Teachers (2011). School vouchers The look track record. 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